Molecular Detection of the mecA Gene and Virulence Factor Genes in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Isolated from Clinical Sources in Selected Baghdad Hospitals, Iraq.

Wed L. Khalil, Huda S. Al-Hayanni
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Abstract

Background: Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is globally acknowledged as a prominent contributor to both hospital-acquired and community infections. Understanding key virulence factors including coagulase production, hemolysis ability and biofilm formation, is crucial. Objective: The study aimed to establish a molecular characterization of mecA gene and virulence factors genes (hla, icaA, and coa) in clinical isolates of MRSA obtained from two hospitals in Baghdad. Materials and Methods: A hundred and five isolates were obtained from clinical sources from November 2022 to March 2023 and their antibiotic sensitivity was assessed using the agar diffusion test against seven different antibiotics (Azithromycin, Ciprofloxacin, Nitrofurantoin, Rifampin, Trimethoprim, Ofloxacin and Oxacillin), through Conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction, the presence of virulence factor genes including mecA, hla, icaA, and coa, was determined in MRSA isolates. Results: All MRSA isolates (100%) harbored the mecA, hla, and icaA genes while the coa gene was recognized in 50% of the isolates. Regarding antibiotic susceptibility, all MRSA isolates (100%) demonstrated sensitivity to Nitrofurantoin. Additionally, 96.8% of the isolates were sensitive to Oxacillin. Conclusion: Molecular detection of methicillin resistance genes and virulence genes can be used to diagnose MRSA isolates in hospitals. The presence of these genes may affect their pattern of sensitivity to antibiotics.
伊拉克巴格达部分医院从临床来源分离的耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌 (MRSA) 中 mecA 基因和毒性因子基因的分子检测。
背景:耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)是全球公认的医院感染和社区感染的主要致病菌。了解包括凝固酶生成、溶血能力和生物膜形成在内的关键毒力因子至关重要:本研究旨在确定从巴格达两家医院获得的 MRSA 临床分离株中 mecA 基因和毒力因子基因(hla、icaA 和 coa)的分子特征:通过常规聚合酶链反应,使用琼脂扩散试验对七种不同的抗生素(阿奇霉素、环丙沙星、硝基呋喃妥因、利福平、甲氧苄啶、氧氟沙星和氧西林)进行抗生素敏感性评估,确定 MRSA 分离物中是否存在毒力因子基因,包括 mecA、hla、icaA 和 coa。结果:所有 MRSA 分离物(100%)都含有 mecA、hla 和 icaA 基因,而 50%的分离物含有 coa 基因。在抗生素敏感性方面,所有 MRSA 分离物(100%)均对硝基呋喃妥因敏感。此外,96.8%的分离株对奥沙西林敏感:结论:甲氧西林耐药基因和毒力基因的分子检测可用于诊断医院中的 MRSA 分离物。这些基因的存在可能会影响它们对抗生素的敏感性。
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