Contrast-based notch-to-crack transfer function for digital radiography

Abstract

To simulate cracks, a series of slits with depths ranging from 17.2% to 40% of 301 stainless steel (SS) plate thickness are fabricated for this study. The examination includes a microfocus X-ray tube and a digital detector array (DDA) with 75 ??m pixel pitch. The basis of this study is to determine the effect of detector scintillator blur, noise and pixelation on the contrast of the resultant radiographic image and, ultimately, on the detectability of a crack. Many crack detectability studies are performed on notched plates rather than true cracks. As the notch width becomes smaller than a pixel, the grey value of the image it generates will be averaged over the entire footprint of the pixel. Therefore, the contrast with neighbouring (no notch) pixels is reduced. This study develops a relationship between the material property, detector parameters, notch geometry and expected contrast that would result from the radiograph image. This relationship can be used as a transfer function towards evaluating the resultant contrast from a notch and extrapolating the results towards a hairline crack.