Using a Cultural Keystone Species in Participatory Monitoring of Fire Management in Indigenous Lands in the Brazilian Savanna

Fire Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI:10.3390/fire7070231
R. M. Falleiro, L. C. Moura, Pedro Paulo Xerente, Charles Pereira Pinto, Marcelo Trindade Santana, M. Corrêa, Isabel Belloni Schmidt
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Abstract

There is a consensus that fire should be actively managed in tropical savannas to decrease wildfire risks, firefighting costs, and social conflicts as well as to promote ecosystem conservation. Selection and participatory monitoring of the effects of fire on cultural keystone species may be an efficient way to involve local stakeholders and inform management decisions. In this study, we investigated the effects of different fire regimes on a cultural keystone species in Central Brazil. With the support of diverse multiethnic groups of local fire brigades, we sampled Hancornia speciosa (Apocynaceae) populations across a vast regional range of 18 traditional territories (Indigenous Lands and Quilombola Territories) as well as four restricted Protected Areas. We considered areas under wildfires (WF), prescribed burns (PB) and fire exclusion (FE) and quantified tree mortality, canopy damage, loss of reproductive structures and fruit production following a simplified field protocol. Areas with H. speciosa populations were identified and classified according to their fire history, and in each sampled area, adult plants were evaluated. We hypothesized that WF would have larger negative impact on the population parameters measured, while FE would increase plant survival and fruit production. We found that tree mortality, canopy damage, and loss of reproductive structures were higher in areas affected by wildfires, which also had the lowest fruit production per plant compared to PB and FE areas, corroborating our hypotheses. However, we also found higher mortality in FE areas compared to PB ones, probably due to plant diseases in areas with longer FE. Considering these results and that the attempts to exclude fire from fire-prone ecosystems commonly lead to periodic wildfires, we argue that the Integrated Fire Management program in course in federal Protected Areas in Brazil—based on early dry season prescribed fires—is a good management option for this, and likely other, cultural keystone species in the Brazilian savanna.
利用文化基石物种参与监测巴西热带稀树草原土著土地的火灾管理
人们一致认为,应积极管理热带稀树草原中的火灾,以降低野火风险、消防成本和社会冲突,并促进生态系统保护。选择和参与性监测火灾对文化关键物种的影响可能是让当地利益相关者参与并为管理决策提供信息的有效方法。在这项研究中,我们调查了不同的火灾机制对巴西中部一种文化基石物种的影响。在当地消防队多民族团体的支持下,我们在 18 个传统领地(土著领地和前逃亡黑奴领地)以及 4 个限制性保护区的广阔区域范围内对大叶黄杨(Apocynaceae)种群进行了采样。我们考虑了野火(WF)、规定烧毁(PB)和火烧隔离(FE)下的区域,并按照简化的实地协议对树木死亡率、树冠破坏、生殖结构损失和果实产量进行了量化。我们根据火灾历史确定并划分了H. speciosa种群所在区域,并对每个取样区域的成株进行了评估。我们假设,火灾会对所测量的种群参数产生较大的负面影响,而火烧则会提高植株的存活率和果实产量。我们发现,受野火影响地区的树木死亡率、树冠损害和生殖结构损失较高,与 PB 和 FE 地区相比,这些地区的单株果实产量也最低,这证实了我们的假设。不过,我们也发现,与 PB 地区相比,FE 地区的死亡率更高,这可能是由于 FE 较长地区的植物病害造成的。考虑到这些结果,以及从火灾易发生态系统中排除火源的尝试通常会导致周期性野火,我们认为,巴西联邦保护区正在实施的基于早期旱季规定火源的综合火源管理计划,对于巴西热带稀树草原中的这一文化基石物种以及其他可能的物种来说,是一个很好的管理选择。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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