Validation of full resolution remote sensing reflectance from Sentinel-3 OLCI across optical gradients in moderately turbid transitional waters

Gaia Gleratti, V. Martinez-Vicente, Elizabeth C. Atwood, Stefan G. H. Simis, Thomas Jackson
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Abstract

Estuarine and coastal transitional waters present a challenge for the interpretation of radiometric remote sensing. Neighbouring water masses have strongly contrasting optical properties at small spatial scales. Adjacency of land adds optical contaminations (adjacency effect) and further complicates satellite use in near-shore waters. In these areas, the lack of in situ observations has been the bottleneck for the characterisation of the uncertainty of satellite products. Radiometric underway measurements (e.g., ferries, ships of opportunity, autonomous vehicles) produce large volumes of in situ observations that can be used for radiometric validation. In this study, we evaluate the performance of the POLYMER atmospheric correction algorithm for the Ocean and Land Colour Instrument (OLCI) onboard Sentinel-3 (S3) for the retrieval of remote sensing reflectance Rrs(λ) in the transitional waters of Plymouth, United Kingdom using hyperspectral radiometric underway measurements. We explored the effect of the selection of time window, averaged areas around the in situ measurement and quality control flags into the matchup procedure. We selected matchups only within 1 pixel and ±30 min of the satellite overpass. Accuracy (RMSD) decreased spectrally from blue to red wavelengths (from 0.0015 to 0.00025 sr−1) and bias (Median Percentage Difference) was mostly positive (up to more than 100%) in relation to in situ observations. We segregated the dataset with respect to optical water types and distance to shore. Although no statistically significant difference was observed among those factors on the measures of performance for the reflectance retrieval, RMSD was the most sensitive metric. Our study highlights the potential to use OLCI full resolution imagery in nearshore areas and the need for more in situ data to be collected in the more turbid waters.
验证来自 Sentinel-3 OLCI 的全分辨率遥感反射率,跨越中度浑浊过渡水域的光学梯度
河口和沿岸过渡水域对辐射遥感的判读提出了挑战。相邻水体在小空间尺度上具有强烈对比的光学特性。陆地的邻近增加了光学污染(邻近效应),使卫星在近岸水域的应用更加复杂。在这些地区,缺乏实地观测一直是确定卫星产品不确定性的瓶颈。辐射测量航行测量(如渡船、机会船、自动驾驶车辆)产生了大量的原位观测数据,可用于辐射测量验证。在本研究中,我们评估了用于圣天诺-3(S3)号上海洋和陆地色彩仪器(OLCI)的 POLYMER 大气校正算法的性能,该算法可利用高光谱辐射测量水下测量来检索英国普利茅斯过渡水域的遥感反射率 Rrs(λ)。我们探讨了时间窗口的选择、原位测量周围的平均区域以及质量控制标志对匹配程序的影响。我们仅在卫星越过的 1 像素和 ±30 分钟内选择匹配。准确度(RMSD)从蓝色波长到红色波长均有所下降(从 0.0015 到 0.00025 sr-1),偏差(中位数百分比差)与原位观测值相比大多为正(最高超过 100%)。我们根据光学水类型和离岸距离对数据集进行了分类。虽然这些因素在反射率检索的性能指标上没有明显的统计学差异,但 RMSD 是最敏感的指标。我们的研究强调了在近岸区域使用 OLCI 全分辨率图像的潜力,以及在较浑浊水域收集更多现场数据的必要性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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