Lightning-rainfall relationship in El Niño and La Niña events during the Indian summer monsoon over central India

Atmósfera Pub Date : 2024-07-04 DOI:10.20937/atm.53340

Mohommad Iqbal Rasul Tinmaker, Mohommad Aslam Shareef

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Abstract

The Indian summer monsoon rainfall (June-September) on a regional scale is critically important for agriculture and water management in India. The current study presents the lightning-rainfall relationship during El Niño (drought) and La Niña (flood) events in the Indian summer monsoon over central India. The results show that the flash count, Bowen ratio, surface maximum temperature, total heat flux, aerosol optical depth (AOD), sea surface temperature (SST), and Niño 3.4 index are increased by 36, 62, 19, 12, 46, 4.7%, and 0.3 ºC (warmer), whereas the rainfall is decreased by 15% during El Niño years with respect to normal years. The flash count, Bowen ratio, surface maximum temperature, and AOD are found to decrease by 15, 11, 3.5, and 11.1% during La Nina years, whereas the rainfall, total heat flux, SST, and Niño 3.4 index are found to increase by 2.4, 1.72, 0.36%, and –0.68 ºC (cooler) during La Niña years with respect to normal years. The increase in the flash count and the reduction in rainfall are associated with the warm phase of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) (El Niño), which causes the weakening of the Indian summer monsoon. The decrease in flash count and increase in rainfall is due to the cold phase of ENSO (La Niña) and is associated with the strengthening of the Indian monsoon season. The increase in the number of break days and low-pressure systems also plays an important role in El Niño and La Niña years, respectively, over central India during the Indian summer monsoon.

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印度中部夏季季风期间厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜事件中的雷电-降雨关系

区域范围内的印度夏季季风降雨（6 月至 9 月）对印度的农业和水资源管理至关重要。本研究介绍了在印度中部印度夏季季风的厄尔尼诺（干旱）和拉尼娜（洪水）事件期间闪电与降雨量之间的关系。结果表明，与正常年份相比，厄尔尼诺年份的闪电数、鲍温比、地表最高温度、总热通量、气溶胶光学深度（AOD）、海面温度（SST）和尼诺 3.4 指数分别增加了 36、62、19、12、46、4.7%和 0.3 ºC（升温），而降雨量则减少了 15%。与正常年份相比，拉尼娜年份的闪现次数、鲍温比、地表最高温度和 AOD 分别减少了 15%、11%、3.5% 和 11.1%，而降雨量、总热通量、海温和尼诺 3.4 指数分别增加了 2.4%、1.72%、0.36% 和-0.68 ºC（较冷）。山洪暴发次数的增加和降雨量的减少与厄尔尼诺-南方涛动（ENSO）（厄尔尼诺现象）的温暖阶段有关，厄尔尼诺现象导致印度夏季季风减弱。闪现次数的减少和降雨量的增加是由于厄尔尼诺/南方涛动（拉尼娜）的寒冷阶段，与印度季风季节的加强有关。在印度夏季季风期间，厄尔尼诺年和拉尼娜年印度中部地区的断裂日数和低压系统的增加也分别起到了重要作用。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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