Evaluating the Effects of Reduced N Application, a Nitrification Inhibitor, and Straw Incorporation on Fertilizer-N Fates in the Maize Growing Season: A Field 15N Tracer Study

Nitrogen Pub Date : 2024-07-05 DOI:10.3390/nitrogen5030039

Z. Quan, Shanlong Li, Zhifeng Xun, Chang Liu, Dong Liu, Yanzhi Wang, Xinghan Zhao, Ming Yang, Caiyan Lu, Xin Chen, Yunting Fang

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Abstract

Reducing fertilizer-N rate, applying a nitrification inhibitor (NI), and incorporating straw are widely recommended to improve N use efficiency of crops and decrease N losses. A field 15N tracer study was conducted to compare their effectiveness on fertilizer-N fates during the maize growing season in Northeast China. The following six treatments were used: (1) no N fertilization (control); (2) 200 kg urea-N ha−1 (100%N); (3) 200 kg urea-N ha−1 and straw (100%N + S); (4) 160 kg urea-N ha−1 (80%N); (5) 160 kg urea-N ha−1 and NI (Nitrapyrin in this study) (80%N + NI); and (6) 160 kg urea-N ha−1, NI, and straw (80%N + NI + S). The results showed that the five N fertilization treatments yielded 16–25% more grain and 39–60% more crop N uptake than the control, but the differences among the five treatments were not statistically significant. Compared with the 100%N, 20% fertilizer-N reduction (80%N) decreased the 15N concentration in topsoil and plant pools but increased the proportion of plant 15N recovery at harvesting (NUE15N, 60% vs. 50%). Compared with the 80%N, NI co-application (80%N + NI) delayed soil nitrification and increased soil 15N retention at harvesting (52% vs. 36%), thereby decreasing NUE15N significantly. Straw incorporation decreased fertilizer-N retention in soil compared with NI co-application because it promoted NUE15N significantly. In conclusion, the results demonstrate that NI and straw additions are efficient strategies for stabilizing fertilizer-N in soils and potentially minimizing N loss; however, their effects on NUE15N vary and the related mechanism must be further clarified in long-term trials.

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评估减少氮肥施用量、硝化抑制剂和秸秆掺入对玉米生长季肥料-氮命运的影响：田间 15N 示踪研究

为了提高作物的氮利用效率并减少氮损失，人们普遍建议降低肥料-氮用量、施用硝化抑制剂（NI）和秸秆还田。在中国东北地区的玉米生长季节，我们进行了一项田间 15N 示踪研究，以比较它们对肥料-氮最终结果的影响。研究采用了以下六种处理(1) 不施氮肥（对照）；(2) 200 千克尿素-氮公顷-1（100%氮）；(3) 200 千克尿素-氮公顷-1 和秸秆（100%氮 + S）；(4) 160 千克尿素-氮公顷-1（80%氮）；(5) 160 千克尿素-氮公顷-1 和 NI（本研究中为 Nitrapyrin）（80%氮 + NI）；(6) 160 千克尿素-氮公顷-1、NI 和秸秆（80%氮 + NI + S）。结果表明，五种氮肥处理的谷物产量比对照高出 16-25%，作物对氮的吸收量比对照高出 39-60%，但五种处理之间的差异无统计学意义。与 100%氮肥相比，减少 20% 氮肥（80%N）会降低表层土壤和植物池中的 15N 浓度，但会增加收获时植物 15N 的回收比例（NUE15N，60% 对 50%）。与 80%N 相比，NI 联合施用（80%N + NI）延迟了土壤硝化，提高了收获时土壤 15N 的保留率（52% 对 36%），从而显著降低了 NUE15N。秸秆掺入与氮磷钾联合施用相比，减少了肥料-氮在土壤中的保留，因为秸秆掺入显著提高了氮磷钾的利用效率（NUE15N）。总之，研究结果表明，添加氮磷钾和秸秆是稳定土壤中肥料-氮的有效策略，有可能最大限度地减少氮的流失；但是，它们对氮还原氮（NUE15N）的影响各不相同，必须在长期试验中进一步阐明相关机制。

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Nitrogen

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