On Becoming Human and Being Humane: Human Rights, Women’s Rights, Species Rights

Religions Pub Date : 2024-07-08 DOI:10.3390/rel15070822
Debra Bergoffen
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Abstract

This essay focuses on the nexus of vulnerability and rights. It argues that in transforming vulnerability from a stigma that alienated women from their humanity to the signature of human dignity, women bridged the gap between the liberatory promise of human rights and its exploitative patriarchal politics. It finds that the ideas of Mary Wollstonecraft, Simone de Beauvoir, Drucilla Cornell, and Jean-Luc Nancy were/are crucial to this transformed idea of dignity. Religious ideas have played a complex role in this transformation. Wollstonecraft appealed to theological ideas of the soul to contest men’s claims that the Bible enshrined women’s subordination to men. Current abortion politics in the U.S., and the Iranian women’s Women, Life, Freedom rebellion continue to show how sacred texts have been used to defend and reject women’s demands for rights. Religious and secular arguments for the dignity of vulnerability, used by feminists to re-write the sexual difference, direct us to rethink our exploitative relationship to the earth and the multiple species it harbors. As we take up the task of confronting the environmental crisis of our times, they call on us to see ourselves as stewards of the earth’s bounty who are morally obliged to create humane relationships with our other-than-human neighbors.
关于成为人和人道:人权、妇女权利、物种权利
这篇文章的重点是脆弱性与权利之间的关系。文章认为,在将脆弱性从一种使妇女远离人性的耻辱转变为人类尊严的标志的过程中,妇女在人权的解放承诺与剥削性父权政治之间架起了一座桥梁。研究发现,玛丽-沃斯通克拉夫特(Mary Wollstonecraft)、西蒙-德-波伏娃(Simone de Beauvoir)、德鲁西拉-康奈尔(Drucilla Cornell)和让-吕克-南希(Jean-Luc Nancy)的思想对于这种尊严观念的转变至关重要。宗教思想在这一转变中扮演了复杂的角色。沃斯通克拉夫特(Wollstonecraft)诉诸神学中关于灵魂的思想,来反驳男性关于《圣经》规定女性从属于男性的主张。美国当前的堕胎政治和伊朗妇女的 "妇女、生命、自由 "反抗运动继续表明,神圣的文本是如何被用来捍卫和拒绝妇女的权利要求的。女权主义者利用宗教和世俗的论点来重新书写性差异,从而引导我们重新思考我们与地球及其所孕育的多种物种之间的剥削关系。在我们肩负起应对当今时代环境危机的任务时,她们呼吁我们将自己视为地球财富的管理者,在道义上有义务与我们的非人类邻居建立人道的关系。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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