Analyzing serological screening of the functional state of gastric mucosa in clinical practice

Abstract

Aim. To analyze the results of the GastroPanel and GastroScreen-3 tests over a 15-year follow-up and determine the incidence of autoimmune gastritis (AIG) in clinical practice and in a random sample of Novosibirsk residents. Materials and methods. Biomarkers were analyzed in two groups: 1,742 people, average age of 50.0 ± 13.53 years (GastroPanel test, Biohit Oy, Finland), and 170 people, average age of 53.8 ± 12.89 years (GastroScreen-3 test, Vector-Best, Russia), from 2007 to 2022. The AIG incidence was calculated in current clinical practice and in a random sample of Novosibirsk residents aged 45–69 years. The PGI level of 160 µg / l was taken as the upper limit of normal, PGI of 31–50 µg / l indicated moderate atrophy, PGI < 30 µg / l and the PGI / PGII ratio ≤ 3 indicated severe gastric fundus atrophy. AIG was considered at PGI ≤ 10.1 μg / l, the PGI / PGI ratio ≤ 1.3, and gastrin-17 ≥ 42.4 pmol / l (GastroPanel) and at PGI ≤ 16.8 μg / l and the PGI / PGII ratio ≤ 1.5 (GastroScreen-3). The H. pylori IgG level > 42 EIU was considered to be positive. Antibodies to CagA protein were determined using the HelicoBest Antibody test (Vector-Best, Novosibirsk). Results. Serological signs of severe and moderate gastric fundus atrophy were detected in 10 and 9.4% (GastroPanel test) and in 13.3 and 7% (GastroScreen-3 test) of those examined, respectively. Signs of multifocal atrophy were found in 0.7% of cases. Antibodies to H. pylori were detected in 57.7%, CagA+ strain – in 56.1% of cases. Peptic ulcer disease (PGI ≥160 µg / l) was found in 15.3% (GastroPanel test) and 10% (GastroScreen-3 test) of the examined. According to the GastroPanel and GastroScreen-3 tests, the incidence of AIG was 1.6% in a random sample and 2.6 and 3.5% in current clinical practice, respectively. Conclusion. Twenty percent of the examined persons were at risk of developing gastric cancer and 10–15% had peptic ulcer disease, which requires further examination. The incidence of AIG in different study groups based on serological screening was 1.6–3.5%.