Remaking the Late Holocene Environment of Western Uganda: Archaeological Perspectives on Kansyore and Later Settlers

IF 2 3区 社会学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY
Peter R. Schmidt, Jonathan R. Walz, Jackline N. Besigye, John Krigbaum, Gilbert Oteyo, Julius B. Lejju, Raymond Asiimwe, Christopher Ehret, Alison Crowther, Ogeto Mwebi, Julie Dunne, Jane Schmidt, Charles Okeny, Amon Niwahereza, Doreen Yeko, Katie Bermudez, Isaac Echoru
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Abstract

Archaeological and environmental research by an international and interdisciplinary team opens new perspectives into the settlement histories of Kansyore, Early Iron Age, and Bigo period peoples in the once forested regions of the Ndali Crater Lakes Region (NCLR) of western Uganda. The research examines the role of Kansyore agropastoralists and their Early Iron Age and Bantu-speaking contemporaries in remaking a once forested environment into a forest-savannah mosaic from circa 500 BC to the end of the first millennium AD. Archaeological settlement and subsistence evidence is examined within a framework of social interaction of Sudanic speakers with Bantu speakers, drawing on historical linguistics and environmental studies to arrive at a new synthesis of late Holocene history in western Uganda. This perspective also unveils the significance and chronology of Boudiné ware, a long enigmatic ceramic tradition that we identify as contemporary to Transitional Urewe and deeply influenced through social interactions with those making Kansyore ceramics and inhabiting the same landscape. Using archaeological evidence from fifteen sites and multiple burials spanning from 400 to 1650 calAD, new views of ceramic histories, lifeways, and symbolic values are revealed, including Bigo period settlements that arose in what was an environmental refugium beginning in the early fourteenth century AD. This research also shows that the Kansyore of the forested region east of the Rwenzori Mountains had greater affinities to late Holocene archaeological evidence from western Equatoria, in the southern South Sudan, and Kansyore Island, Uganda, than it does to the Kansyore in eastern Kenya.

重塑乌干达西部全新世晚期环境:从考古学角度看坎西奥雷及其后的定居者
一个国际和跨学科团队的考古和环境研究为乌干达西部安达利火山口湖区(NCLR)曾经的森林地区的Kansyore,早期铁器时代和Bigo时期的人们的定居历史开辟了新的视角。该研究考察了坎西奥尔农牧民及其早期铁器时代和讲班图语的同时代人在将一个曾经的森林环境改造成森林-草原马赛克的过程中所起的作用,从公元前500年左右到公元第一个千年结束。考古定居和生存证据在苏丹语使用者与班图语使用者的社会互动框架内进行了检查,利用历史语言学和环境研究,得出了乌干达西部全新世晚期历史的新综合。这一视角也揭示了boudin陶器的意义和年代,这是一种长期神秘的陶瓷传统,我们认为它与过渡时期的Urewe是同时代的,并通过与那些制作Kansyore陶瓷并居住在同一景观中的人的社会互动而深受影响。利用从公元400年到1650年的15个遗址和多个墓葬的考古证据,揭示了陶瓷历史,生活方式和象征价值的新观点,包括公元14世纪早期开始的环境避难所比戈时期的定居点。这项研究还表明,鲁文佐里山脉以东森林地区的Kansyore与来自赤道西部、南苏丹南部和乌干达Kansyore岛的全新世晚期考古证据的亲缘关系,比与肯尼亚东部的Kansyore的亲缘关系更大。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
2.90
自引率
12.50%
发文量
30
期刊介绍: African Archaeological Review publishes original research articles, review essays, reports, book/media reviews, and forums/commentaries on African archaeology, highlighting the contributions of the African continent to critical global issues in the past and present. Relevant topics include the emergence of modern humans and earliest manifestations of human culture; subsistence, agricultural, and technological innovations; and social complexity, as well as topical issues on heritage. The journal features timely continental and subcontinental studies covering cultural and historical processes; interregional interactions; biocultural evolution; cultural dynamics and ecology; the role of cultural materials in politics, ideology, and religion; different dimensions of economic life; the application of historical, textual, ethnoarchaeological, and archaeometric data in archaeological interpretation; and the intersections of cultural heritage, information technology, and community/public archaeology.
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