Extraction of Chitosan Derived from Mushroom by Deacetylation for Wastewater Treatment

Key Engineering Materials Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI:10.4028/p-ozx2m4

Tatchapol Nanmong, D. Tanangteerapong

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Abstract

In this study, Volvariella vovacea (straw mushroom, SM) and Flammulina velutipes (Golden mushroom, GM) were used as a natural source of chitin. The aim of this research is to extract chitin and thus, converted into chitosan via acetylation process. The obtained chitosan was applied in the wastewater treatment process as the coagulant to improve the quality of wastewater. As these two types of mushrooms are readily available in the local area in Northeastern Thailand and relatively cheap. The chitin extraction process was obtained by firstly removing fat, minerals, protein and pigment of SM and GM using petroleum ether, HCl, NaOH and acetone respectively. Extracted chitin was deacetylated by using 50% (v/v) NaOH at 140 oC for 2 hours to convert into chitosan. The properties of extracted chitosan was examined by FT-IR and TGA. FTIR spectrum showed the peaks of C-H stretching at 2870 cm-1 , N-H2 bending at 1586 cm-1, N-H stretching at 1026 cm-1, etc. which corresponded to the standard chitosan. TGA showed the thermal decomposition which is divided into three phases. First stage of weight loss is between 50-115 °C caused by water evaporation. There was no changes of weight during a temperature of 115-268 °C. The second phase during 268-330 °C indicates a significant weight loss which is due tot he saccharide degradation of chitosan and at a temperature more than 330°C refers to the volatile organic material. As a result of TGA, it can be confirmed that the extracted chitosan from SM and GM is very similar to the standard commercial chitosan. After that, 3 g of extracted chitosan was mixed with 300 mL of deionized water and 6 mL of acetic acid was added for 24 hours to prepare the chitosan coagulant. Then, it was dropped in the separate jar which contained high TSS, COD and BOD wastewater. The results showed that chitosan biocoagulant could reduce TSS, COD and BOD by 62, 62 and 88% respectively which proved to be efficient in the use of wastewater treatment.

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通过脱乙酰化提取从蘑菇中提取的壳聚糖用于废水处理

在这项研究中，Volvariella vovacea（草菇，SM）和 Flammulina velutipes（金菇，GM）被用作甲壳素的天然来源。本研究的目的是提取甲壳素，并通过乙酰化过程将其转化为壳聚糖。获得的壳聚糖可作为混凝剂用于废水处理过程，以改善废水质量。由于这两种蘑菇在泰国东北部当地很容易获得，而且价格相对便宜。甲壳素提取过程是首先分别使用石油醚、盐酸、NaOH 和丙酮去除 SM 和 GM 的脂肪、矿物质、蛋白质和色素。提取的甲壳素在 140 摄氏度下用 50%（v/v）的 NaOH 脱乙酰基 2 小时后转化为壳聚糖。傅立叶变换红外光谱和热重分析检测了提取壳聚糖的性质。傅立叶变换红外光谱显示了 2870 cm-1 处的 C-H 伸展峰、1586 cm-1 处的 N-H2 弯曲峰、1026 cm-1 处的 N-H 伸展峰等与标准壳聚糖相对应的峰值。TGA 显示热分解分为三个阶段。第一阶段的重量损失发生在 50-115 °C 之间，原因是水分蒸发。在温度为 115-268 °C 时，重量没有变化。第二阶段在 268 至 330 °C之间，由于壳聚糖的糖降解，重量明显下降；温度超过 330 °C，则是挥发性有机物的降解。根据 TGA 的结果，可以确认从 SM 和 GM 中提取的壳聚糖与标准的商业壳聚糖非常相似。然后，将 3 克提取的壳聚糖与 300 毫升去离子水混合，并加入 6 毫升醋酸 24 小时，制备壳聚糖凝固剂。然后，将其投入装有高 TSS、COD 和 BOD 废水的独立罐中。结果表明，壳聚糖生物凝固剂可将 TSS、COD 和 BOD 分别降低 62%、62% 和 88%，证明其在废水处理中的使用是有效的。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Key Engineering Materials

CiteScore

1.00

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0.00%

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