Leech Therapy-aided recovery: A case study on accelerated healing of Decubitus ulcers in paraplegic patients

Abstract

Pressure ulcers, also known as bedsores, are localized skin injuries that can extend to underlying structures like subcutaneous tissue or muscle due to prolonged pressure on a specific area of the body. This pressure impedes blood supply, depriving the affected tissue of nutrients and oxygen, leading to tissue breakdown and ulcer formation over time. Immobilized patients, confined to bed due to various conditions, are highly susceptible to developing pressure ulcers, with approximately 85% attributed to prolonged sitting or lying down. Pressure ulcers near the rectum pose particular challenges as the tissue in this area is prone to acute ischemic injury from external factors like shear forces and compression. Treating pressure ulcers requires a multidimensional approach, focusing on relieving pressure with specialized support surfaces such as pressure-relieving mattresses or cushions, along with regular changes in patient posture to alleviate continuous pressure. Maintaining proper hygiene and wound care is essential to prevent infection, with advanced techniques like dressings, topical medications, and occasional surgical interventions for severe cases. Adequate nutrition and hydration play a vital role in supporting the healing process. Collaborative efforts from healthcare professionals specializing in wound management, nutrition, and physical therapy are often necessary to address the complex nature of pressure ulcers. Prevention through regular assessment, implementing preventive measures such as proper positioning, optimizing nutrition, and providing education to patients and caregivers on skin care and pressure relief techniques are crucial in mitigating pressure ulcer development.