Targeted management of coexistent severe thrombophilias—A case report of a successful pregnancy despite paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria and hereditary protein C deficiency

Abstract

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare hematological disorder characterized by the absence of complement regulatory proteins on the surface of erythrocytes, leading to intravascular hemolysis and thrombosis. Managing PNH during pregnancy poses significant challenges due to increased risks of morbidity and mortality. This case report describes the detailed obstetric course of a 44-year-old woman with PNH and additional hereditary protein C deficiency who had previously experienced multiple thrombotic events and adverse pregnancy outcomes (two early miscarriages and one stillbirth at 25 weeks gestation [WG]), treated with eculizumab (terminal C5 inhibitor) and optimal anticoagulation management. Close monitoring of hemolysis and hemostasis parameters was conducted throughout the gestation period together with increased obstetrical surveillance. The pregnancy progressed without thrombotic complications or breakthrough hemolysis, and the patient delivered a healthy newborn at 36 WG after induction of labor due to restricted fetal growth. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a positive pregnancy outcome despite PNH in conjunction with hereditary thrombophilia. This case report highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach involving hematologists and obstetricians in the management of pregnant women with PNH. Tailored therapy, close monitoring, and comprehensive care are crucial to minimize risks and optimize outcomes.