Revolutionizing Waste from Household Plastics to Eco-Friendly Diesel Alternatives through Catalytic Degradation with Biogas Utilization

Abstract

The study addressed the critical environmental challenge of managing biodegradable and non-biodegradable household plastic waste by converting it into valuable hydrocarbons, thus combating plastic pollution and contributing to renewable energy goals. Through innovative methods, the research utilized catalytic degradation with fly ash as a catalyst and biogas from cow dung and kitchen waste as a sustainable heat source. Various catalyst-to-polymer (cat/pol) ratios (0.10, 0.15, and 0.20) were explored, with the 0.20 ratio achieving a remarkable 100% conversion rate. The resulting oil was segmented based on boiling points, with the C2 fraction showing promise as a diesel substitute, boasting high efficiency and lower emissions. Notably, C2 demonstrated optimal combustion qualities with a maximum brake thermal efficiency of 32.92%, low smoke density (48 HSU), and hydrocarbon emissions (1216 ppm), albeit with increased NOx emissions. Overall, the study highlights the potential of waste-to-energy processes in addressing plastic pollution, reducing fossil fuel dependence, and advancing sustainable energy solutions.