Youth Unemployment and Social Exclusion

Abstract

Purpose: The general objective of this study was to examine youth employment and social exclusion. Methodology: The study adopted a desktop research methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library. Findings: The findings reveal that there exists a contextual and methodological gap relating to youth employment and social exclusion. Preliminary empirical review revealed that youth unemployment had profound socio-economic and psychological impacts, contributing to cycles of disadvantage and social exclusion. It highlighted the inadequacies of labor market structures and educational systems in preparing young people for employment and emphasized the need for comprehensive policy responses addressing both supply and demand sides of the labor market. The study also underscored the importance of tackling structural inequalities affecting marginalized groups and recommended inclusive, equitable policies to ensure all young people had access to employment opportunities. Overall, it called for a holistic approach to mitigate the effects of youth unemployment and promote social inclusion. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The Human Capital Theory, Social Exclusion Theory and Structural Strain Theory may be used to anchor future studies on youth unemployment and social exclusion. This study provided practical insights for educators and community organizations on aligning curricula with labor market demands and implementing mentorship programs. Policy recommendations included integrated economic, educational, and social interventions, active labor market programs, and mental health support services. The study emphasized the importance of social inclusion through community engagement and digital inclusion, addressed structural inequalities with quality education and social protection systems, and promoted collaborative efforts among stakeholders for sustainable impact.