Enhanced Removal of Rhodamine b Dye from Aqueous Media via Adsorption on Facilely Synthesized Zinc Ferrite Nanoparticles

IF 3.1 4区化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, INORGANIC & NUCLEAR

Inorganics Pub Date : 2024-07-12 DOI:10.3390/inorganics12070191

A. Al-Wasidi, S. Alreshaidan

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

This paper studies the synthesis, characterization, and application of ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles for the removal of rhodamine b dye from aqueous media. Utilizing the combustion procedure, ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles were synthesized using two different fuels: glutamine (SG) and L-arginine (SA). In addition, the synthesized ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles were characterized through various techniques, including Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), high resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis. XRD analysis verified the creation of a ZnFe2O4 cubic spinel structure without any contaminants, revealing average crystallite sizes of 43.72 and 29.38 nm for the SG and SA samples, respectively. The FTIR spectra exhibited peaks indicative of metal-oxygen bond stretching, verifying the presence of a spinel formation. Elemental analysis via EDX confirmed the stoichiometric composition typical of zinc ferrite. In addition, FE-SEM imaging displayed that the SG and SA samples are composed of particles with irregular and spherical shapes, measuring average diameters of 135.11 and 59.89 nm, respectively. Furthermore, the BET surface area of the SG and SA samples is 60 and 85 m2/g, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity of the SA sample (409.84 mg/g) towards rhodamine b dye was higher than that of the SG sample (279.33 mg/g), which was ascribed to its larger surface area and porosity. Kinetic and equilibrium studies revealed that the adsorption process of rhodamine b dye onto the SG and SA samples followed the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order model. Thermodynamic analysis indicated that the adsorption process was spontaneous, exothermic, and physical. The study concludes that ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles synthesized using L-arginine (SA) exhibit enhanced rhodamine b dye removal efficiency due to their smaller size, increased surface area, and higher porosity compared to those synthesized with glutamine (SG). The optimum conditions for the adsorption process of rhodamine b dye were found to be at pH 10, a contact time of 70 min, and a temperature of 298 K. These findings underscore the potential of L-arginine-synthesized ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles for effective and sustainable environmental cleanup applications.

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通过在易于合成的铁氧体锌纳米粒子上的吸附提高水介质中罗丹明 b 染料的去除率

本文研究了用于去除水介质中罗丹明 b 染料的 ZnFe2O4 纳米粒子的合成、表征和应用。采用燃烧法，利用谷氨酰胺（SG）和精氨酸（SA）两种不同的燃料合成了 ZnFe2O4 纳米粒子。此外，还通过多种技术对合成的 ZnFe2O4 纳米粒子进行了表征，包括傅立叶变换红外（FTIR）、X 射线衍射（XRD）、场发射扫描电子显微镜（FE-SEM）、能量色散 X 射线（EDX）、高分辨率透射电子显微镜（HR-TEM）和布鲁诺-埃美特-泰勒（BET）表面积分析。XRD 分析证实了 ZnFe2O4 立方尖晶石结构的形成，没有任何杂质，SG 和 SA 样品的平均结晶尺寸分别为 43.72 和 29.38 nm。傅立叶变换红外光谱显示出金属氧键伸展的峰值，验证了尖晶石的形成。通过 EDX 进行的元素分析证实了锌铁氧体的典型化学成分。此外，FE-SEM 成像显示，SG 和 SA 样品由不规则和球形颗粒组成，平均直径分别为 135.11 纳米和 59.89 纳米。此外，SG 和 SA 样品的 BET 表面积分别为 60 和 85 m2/g。SA 样品对罗丹明 b 染料的最大吸附容量（409.84 毫克/克）高于 SG 样品（279.33 毫克/克），这归因于其较大的比表面积和孔隙率。动力学和平衡研究表明，罗丹明 b 染料在 SG 样品和 SA 样品上的吸附过程遵循 Langmuir 等温线和伪秒阶模型。热力学分析表明，吸附过程是自发的、放热的和物理的。研究得出结论：与使用谷氨酰胺（SG）合成的 ZnFe2O4 纳米粒子相比，使用 L-精氨酸（SA）合成的 ZnFe2O4 纳米粒子尺寸更小、比表面积更大、孔隙率更高，因此罗丹明 b 染料去除效率更高。吸附罗丹明 b 染料的最佳条件是 pH 值为 10，接触时间为 70 分钟，温度为 298 K。

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来源期刊

Inorganics Chemistry-Inorganic Chemistry

CiteScore

2.80

自引率

10.30%

发文量

193

审稿时长

6 weeks

期刊介绍： Inorganics is an open access journal that covers all aspects of inorganic chemistry research. Topics include but are not limited to: synthesis and characterization of inorganic compounds, complexes and materials structure and bonding in inorganic molecular and solid state compounds spectroscopic, magnetic, physical and chemical properties of inorganic compounds chemical reactivity, physical properties and applications of inorganic compounds and materials mechanisms of inorganic reactions organometallic compounds inorganic cluster chemistry heterogenous and homogeneous catalytic reactions promoted by inorganic compounds thermodynamics and kinetics of significant new and known inorganic compounds supramolecular systems and coordination polymers bio-inorganic chemistry and applications of inorganic compounds in biological systems and medicine environmental and sustainable energy applications of inorganic compounds and materials MD