Prevalence of transfusion-transmitted infection and reactive donor response rate in a tertiary care hospital in South India: A retrospective observational study

Abstract

Transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) are a serious problem to our blood centers as they necessitate utilization of massive resources and labor to detect and remove infected blood donations and also turn out to be a source of great distress to the patients recieving blood components and the doctors treating them. The main diseases that are made mandatory by the government to be screened are hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and syphilis. Adding to this, India does not have a centralized donor notification system to notify the donors of their TTI positivity status causing the blood centers to be blind and not having a system to verify the credentials of donors making sure they were not tested positive in other centers in the country. We have done a retrospective study that aims to analyze blood center samples and look for the number of TTI positivity in our donations and compare with the total number of donations during the period of January 2016 to March 2023. The data were collected from the blood donor questionnaire and data were put up in an Excel sheet which was later analyzed on the Statistical P program. During the study period, 14,257 donors donated blood. Of which 11,674 (83%) were voluntary donors and 2413 (17%) were replacement donors. About 98.7% were male donors. Among the total donors, 182 (1.27%) were positive for transfusion-transmitted infections. Among the 182 serology-positive donors, 179 (98.3%) were males and 3 (1.7%) were females. Among the 14,257 donors, 160 (1.12%) were positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HbsAg), 2 (0.014%) for HCV, 2 (0.014%) for HIV, and 18 (0.126%) for syphilis. Among the 182 positive TTI, 160 (87.9%) donors were positive for HBsAg, 18 (9.9%) were positive for syphilis, 2 (1.1%) donors with HIV, and 2 (1.1%) with HCV positivity. Among the 182 donors positive for TTI, 81 (44.5%) donors had donated previously in various hospitals and they were not aware of their positive status. This study mainly aims to bring awareness to the problems that blood centers face in TTI from having to screen every sample to independently verifying donors making sure that they have never tested positive for TTI and counseling them on further tests and referrals.