The Temporal and Spatial Dynamics of Succession in a Glacial Foreland in Southern Iceland: The Effects of Landscape Heterogeneity

Land Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI:10.3390/land13071055
Lawrence Tanner, Genevieve Kikukawa, Kaylyn Weits
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Abstract

One of the more visible consequences of anthropogenic climate change is the ongoing retreat of glaciers worldwide. Rates of primary succession in the resulting glacial forelands are commonly calculated from a single measurement set using a single set of measurements across a landscape of varying age, but repeated measurements over decadal scales may be a more effective means of examining the rates and trends of colonization and community development. Repeated measurements of vegetation groups in a glacial foreland in southern Iceland demonstrate that successional changes are measurable, as shown by the calculation of the dissimilarity index at sites over a 15 year interval. Inter-site dissimilarity validates the essential paradigm of primary succession, where vegetative coverage increases in the glacial foreland as a function of time and supports earlier interpretations saying that species richness decreases on older surfaces, even as the total vegetation cover increases. However, successional processes are subject to major abiotic factors, such as aspect, which is controlled by landscape topography, and the substrate composition. The glacial moraines and outwash plain are underlain by different substrates which produce separate successional trajectories. Succession on the moraines ultimately produces a birch-shrub-heath community, while the outwash deposits promote development of a moss-heath community.
冰岛南部冰川前陆演替的时空动态:景观异质性的影响
人类活动造成的气候变化的一个更明显的后果是全球冰川的不断后退。对不同年龄的冰川地貌进行单次测量,通常可以计算出冰川前陆的原始演替率,但在十年尺度上进行重复测量,可能是研究殖民化和群落发展速度和趋势的更有效方法。对冰岛南部冰川前陆植被群落的重复测量表明,演替变化是可以测量的,这一点可以通过计算各站点 15 年间的差异指数得到证明。冰川前陆的植被覆盖率随着时间的推移而增加,站点间的差异验证了原生演替的基本模式,并支持了之前的解释,即即使植被总覆盖率增加,老地表的物种丰富度也会下降。然而,演替过程受制于主要的非生物因素,如受地形地貌控制的地势和基质成分。冰碛区和冲积平原由不同的基质覆盖,因而产生了不同的演替轨迹。冰碛上的演替最终会形成桦树-灌木-沼泽群落,而冲积层则会促进苔藓-沼泽群落的发展。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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