Determination of target site mutations and detoxification enzymes in the abamectin resistance of spider mite Tetranychus urticae collected from cotton fields of Türkiye

IF 1.3 3区农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY

Systematic and Applied Acarology Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI:10.11158/saa.29.7.3

Y. N. Alpkent, Sultan Çobanoğlu

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae (Koch, 1836) (Acari: Tetranychidae) causes significant problems in cotton fields. The pest has developed resistance to abamectin, which is used intensely against spider mite populations. A discriminating dose was applied to T. urticae populations collected from Aydın, Adana, Şanlıurfa, and Diyarbakır provinces between 2019 and 2021, where there is significant cotton production and intensive acaricide applications. Populations with a mortality rate of less than 80% at the discriminating dose applied to field populations were included in the bioassay study. Then, the 10 most resistant populations were determined based on their LC50 and LC90 values. It was observed that there was high resistance (HR) in two T. urticae populations collected from Diyarbakır (DIY28 and DIY2) with LC50 values of 24.5 and 33.81 mg L-1, respectively 113 and 156-fold and one population collected from the province of Aydın (AYD4) LC50 value of 23.5 mg L-1 and 109-fold. As a result of the comparisons with a susceptible population in biochemical studies, it was determined that the carboxylesterase (CarE) enzyme of these populations (except for SAN6, SAN7, SAN8, ADA9, and ADA11) had more than 2-fold higher activity compared to the glutathione enzyme (GST), and they were in statistically different groups. When the GST enzyme activities were examined, it was found that the enzyme activities were generally low, except for the ADA11 and ADA16 populations (3.73 and 2.3-fold). In terms of the target site resistance, it was observed that there was no target site mutation (G314D and I321T-G326E) in the glutamate-gated chloride channels (Units GluCl 1 and 3) in these highest 10 resistant populations. It can be said that the resistance levels determined for abamectin from the obtained populations were determined to be low. In brief, out of the total 44 populations brought in and tested, only 30 populations were considered resistant with a mortality rate below 80% after the applied discriminating dose. It was determined that 6.8% of these 30 populations had HR, 31.8% had medium resistance (MR), and 29.5% had low resistance (LR). When examining by regions, it was found that high resistance populations were more prevalent in Diyarbakır and Aydın (15.4% and 10%, respectively) provinces, while the highest percentage of MR populations was found in Şanlıurfa, at 90%. Abamectin still acts as an effective acaricide. However, it is recommended to use acaricides with different modes of action to prevent possible emergence of resistance cases.

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从土耳其棉田采集的蜘蛛螨 Tetranychus urticae 的阿维菌素抗性中靶点突变和解毒酶的测定

双斑蜘蛛螨（Tetranychus urticae，Koch，1836 年）（Acari: Tetranychidae）给棉田带来了严重的问题。这种害虫对阿维菌素产生了抗药性，而阿维菌素被大量用于对付蜘蛛螨种群。在 2019 年至 2021 年期间，对从艾登省、阿达纳省、桑勒乌尔法省和迪亚巴克尔省收集到的 T. urticae 种群施用了鉴别剂量，这些地区棉花产量大，杀螨剂施用量大。在生物测定研究中，对田间种群施用鉴别剂量后死亡率低于 80% 的种群被纳入研究范围。然后，根据 LC50 和 LC90 值确定了 10 个抗药性最强的种群。结果表明，从迪亚巴克尔省采集的两个 T. urticae 种群（DIY28 和 DIY2）具有高抗性（HR），LC50 值分别为 24.5 和 33.81 mg L-1，分别为 113 倍和 156 倍；从艾登省采集的一个种群（AYD4）LC50 值为 23.5 mg L-1，为 109 倍。通过与生化研究中的易感种群进行比较，确定这些种群（SAN6、SAN7、SAN8、ADA9 和 ADA11 除外）的羧酸酯酶（CarE）活性比谷胱甘肽酶（GST）高 2 倍以上，而且在统计学上属于不同组别。在检测 GST 酶活性时发现，除 ADA11 和 ADA16 群体（3.73 倍和 2.3 倍）外，其他群体的酶活性普遍较低。在靶位点耐药性方面，观察发现在这 10 个耐药性最高的群体中，谷氨酸门控氯离子通道（单位 GluCl 1 和 3）没有靶位点突变（G314D 和 I321T-G326E）。可以说，从获得的群体中确定的阿维菌素抗药性水平较低。简而言之，在总共 44 个接受检测的种群中，只有 30 个种群被认为具有抗药性，在施用鉴别剂量后死亡率低于 80%。经测定，在这 30 个种群中，6.8%具有高抗性，31.8%具有中等抗性（MR），29.5%具有低抗性（LR）。按地区划分后发现，迪亚巴克尔省和艾登省的高抗性种群较多（分别为 15.4% 和 10%），而桑尼乌尔法省的中抗性种群比例最高，达到 90%。阿维菌素仍是一种有效的杀螨剂。不过，建议使用不同作用模式的杀螨剂，以防止可能出现的抗药性。

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来源期刊

Systematic and Applied Acarology ENTOMOLOGY-

CiteScore

2.20

自引率

33.30%

发文量

152

期刊介绍： Systematic and Applied Acarology (SAA) is an international journal of the Systematic and Applied Acarology Society (SAAS). The journal is intended as a publication outlet for all acarologists in the world. There is no page charge for publishing in SAA. If the authors have funds to publish, they can pay US$20 per page to enable their papers published for open access. SAA publishes papers reporting results of original research on any aspects of mites and ticks. Due to the recent increase in submissions, SAA editors will be more selective in manuscript evaluation: (1) encouraging more high quality non-taxonomic papers to address the balance between taxonomic and non-taxonomic papers, and (2) discouraging single species description (see new special issues for single new species description) while giving priority to high quality systematic papers on comparative treatments and revisions of multiple taxa. In addition to review papers and research articles (over 4 printed pages), we welcome short correspondence (up to 4 printed pages) for condensed version of short papers, comments on other papers, data papers (with one table or figure) and short reviews or opinion pieces. The correspondence format will save space by omitting the abstract, key words, and major headings such as Introduction.