The cost of inaction: a global tool to inform nutrition policy and investment decisions on global nutrition targets.

IF 2.9 3区 医学 Q2 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES
Sakshi Jain, Sameen Ahsan, Zachary Robb, Brett Crowley, Dylan Walters
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

At present, the world is off-track to meet the World Health Assembly global nutrition targets for 2025. Reducing the prevalence of stunting and low birthweight (LBW) in children, and anaemia in women, and increasing breastfeeding rates are among the prioritized global nutrition targets for all countries. Governments and development partners need evidence-based data to understand the true costs and consequences of policy decisions and investments. Yet there is an evidence gap on the health, human capital, and economic costs of inaction on preventing undernutrition for most countries. The Cost of Inaction tool and expanded Cost of Not Breastfeeding tool provide country-specific data to help address the gaps. Every year undernutrition leads to 1.3 million cases of preventable child and maternal deaths globally. In children, stunting results in the largest economic burden yearly at US$548 billion (0.7% of global gross national income [GNI]), followed by US$507 billion for suboptimal breastfeeding (0.6% of GNI), US$344 billion (0.3% of GNI) for LBW and US$161 billion (0.2% of GNI) for anaemia in children. Anaemia in women of reproductive age (WRA) costs US$113 billion (0.1% of GNI) globally in current income losses. Accounting for overlap in stunting, suboptimal breastfeeding and LBW, the analysis estimates that preventable undernutrition cumulatively costs the world at least US$761 billion per year, or US$2.1 billion per day. The variation in the regional and country-level estimates reflects the contextual drivers of undernutrition. In the lead-up to the renewed World Health Assembly targets and Sustainable Development Goals for 2030, the data generated from these tools are powerful information for advocates, governments and development partners to inform policy decisions and investments into high-impact low-cost nutrition interventions. The costs of inaction on undernutrition continue to be substantial, and serious coordinated action on the global nutrition targets is needed to yield the significant positive human capital and economic benefits from investing in nutrition.

不作为的代价:为有关全球营养目标的营养政策和投资决策提供信息的全球工具。
目前,全世界都无法实现世界卫生大会提出的 2025 年全球营养目标。降低儿童发育迟缓、出生体重不足和妇女贫血的发生率,以及增加母乳喂养是所有国家优先考虑的全球营养目标。各国政府和发展伙伴需要循证数据来了解政策决定和投资的真实成本和后果。然而,对于大多数国家而言,在预防营养不良方面不作为的健康、人力资本和经济成本方面还存在证据缺口。不作为的成本 "工具和 "不母乳喂养的成本 "扩展工具提供了针对具体国家的数据,有助于弥补这些差距。每年,营养不良导致 130 万例可预防的儿童和孕产妇死亡。在儿童中,发育迟缓每年造成的经济负担最大,达 5480 亿美元(占国民总收入的 0.7%),其次是母乳喂养不达标造成的 570 亿美元(占全球国民总收入的 0.6%),出生体重不足造成的 3 440 亿美元(占全球国民总收入的 0.3%),以及儿童贫血造成的 1 610 亿美元(占全球国民总收入的 0.2%)。在全球范围内,妇女儿童贫血造成的当期收入损失达 1 130 亿美元(占国民总收入的 0.1%)。考虑到发育迟缓、母乳喂养不理想和出生体重不足等因素的重叠,分析估计,可预防的营养不良每年给全球造成的累计损失至少为 7610 亿美元,即每天 21 亿美元。地区和国家层面的估计值差异反映了营养不良的背景驱动因素。在实现新的世界卫生大会目标和 2030 年可持续发展目标的过程中,这些工具生成的数据将为倡导者、政府和发展合作伙伴提供有力的信息,为决策和投资于高效、低成本的营养干预措施提供依据。在营养不良问题上无所作为的代价依然巨大,需要针对全球营养目标采取认真的协调行动,以便从营养投资中获得巨大的积极人力资本和经济效益。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Health policy and planning
Health policy and planning 医学-卫生保健
CiteScore
6.00
自引率
3.10%
发文量
98
审稿时长
6 months
期刊介绍: Health Policy and Planning publishes health policy and systems research focusing on low- and middle-income countries. Our journal provides an international forum for publishing original and high-quality research that addresses questions pertinent to policy-makers, public health researchers and practitioners. Health Policy and Planning is published 10 times a year.
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