Laboratory testing of desiccation crack growth in terrestrial Martian analog environments using digital image correlation

IF 1.8 4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
Ali Ettehadi , Maksym Chuprin , Mehdi Mokhtari , Robert C. Anderson
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The unique geologic features of raised ridges and polygonal cracks filled with multiple layers of cement observed in Gale and Jezero craters on Mars have origins that remain uncertain due to limited knowledge and measurement techniques. This study hypothesizes that these cracks result from the volumetric shrinkage of clay fabric due to dehydration and salinity fluctuations in ancient Martian lakes. The research aims to quantify the shrinkage of terrestrial simulants with varying mineral compositions analogous to those found at Gale Crater and Jezero Crater under diverse desiccation conditions. By simulating Martian regolith using the Rocknest soil simulant and examining historical aqueous conditions through sedimentary rock analogs, this study provides new insights into Martian geological structures. The extent and rate of shrinkage in simulant samples were quantified using ImageJ, while strain localization and propagation were measured using the Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique until full desiccation crack patterns developed. Laboratory testing revealed that desiccation cracks tend to form polygonal patterns, which are patently similar to the polygonal patterns observed in some regions of Mars. However, not all simulants produced visible cracks, with some producing linear rather than polygonal patterns. Key findings indicate that higher temperatures result in wider and deeper cracks, while lower temperatures decrease crack density and length. Increased initial water content leads to more extensive cracking, with higher crack density and length per unit area. Sodium chloride and sodium sulfate significantly impact desiccation cracking, with low concentrations stabilizing the soil and high concentrations promoting extensive cracking. Smectite-rich samples exhibit extensive cracking, and tensile strain distribution during evaporation is non-uniform, influencing crack development based on sample properties and drying conditions. These insights enhance our understanding of polygonal crack formation on Mars, improving Mars sample return missions and informing the design of robust exploration equipment.

利用数字图像相关性对陆地火星模拟环境中的干燥裂纹生长进行实验室测试
在火星上的盖尔陨石坑和杰泽罗陨石坑中观察到了独特的地质特征,即凸起的山脊和多层水泥填充的多边形裂缝,由于知识和测量技术有限,这些裂缝的起源仍不确定。本研究假设这些裂缝是由于古代火星湖泊脱水和盐度波动导致粘土结构体积收缩造成的。研究旨在量化不同矿物成分的陆地模拟物在不同干燥条件下的收缩情况,这些模拟物与盖尔陨石坑和杰泽罗陨石坑发现的模拟物类似。这项研究利用 Rocknest 土壤模拟物模拟火星碎屑岩,并通过沉积岩模拟物研究历史上的水环境条件,为了解火星地质结构提供了新的视角。使用 ImageJ 对模拟样本的收缩程度和速度进行了量化,同时使用数字图像相关(DIC)技术对应变定位和传播进行了测量,直至形成完整的干燥裂纹模式。实验室测试表明,干燥裂纹倾向于形成多边形图案,这与在火星某些区域观察到的多边形图案十分相似。不过,并非所有模拟物都会产生明显的裂纹,有些模拟物产生的是线形裂纹,而不是多边形裂纹。主要发现表明,温度越高,裂缝越宽、越深,而温度越低,裂缝密度和长度越小。初始含水量增加会导致更广泛的开裂,单位面积上的裂纹密度和长度也会增加。氯化钠和硫酸钠对干燥开裂有显著影响,低浓度可稳定土壤,高浓度则会促进大面积开裂。富含直闪石的样品会出现大面积开裂,蒸发过程中的拉伸应变分布不均匀,会根据样品特性和干燥条件影响裂纹的发展。这些见解加深了我们对火星上多边形裂缝形成的了解,从而改进了火星样本送回任务,并为设计坚固耐用的勘探设备提供了参考。
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来源期刊
Planetary and Space Science
Planetary and Space Science 地学天文-天文与天体物理
CiteScore
5.40
自引率
4.20%
发文量
126
审稿时长
15 weeks
期刊介绍: Planetary and Space Science publishes original articles as well as short communications (letters). Ground-based and space-borne instrumentation and laboratory simulation of solar system processes are included. The following fields of planetary and solar system research are covered: • Celestial mechanics, including dynamical evolution of the solar system, gravitational captures and resonances, relativistic effects, tracking and dynamics • Cosmochemistry and origin, including all aspects of the formation and initial physical and chemical evolution of the solar system • Terrestrial planets and satellites, including the physics of the interiors, geology and morphology of the surfaces, tectonics, mineralogy and dating • Outer planets and satellites, including formation and evolution, remote sensing at all wavelengths and in situ measurements • Planetary atmospheres, including formation and evolution, circulation and meteorology, boundary layers, remote sensing and laboratory simulation • Planetary magnetospheres and ionospheres, including origin of magnetic fields, magnetospheric plasma and radiation belts, and their interaction with the sun, the solar wind and satellites • Small bodies, dust and rings, including asteroids, comets and zodiacal light and their interaction with the solar radiation and the solar wind • Exobiology, including origin of life, detection of planetary ecosystems and pre-biological phenomena in the solar system and laboratory simulations • Extrasolar systems, including the detection and/or the detectability of exoplanets and planetary systems, their formation and evolution, the physical and chemical properties of the exoplanets • History of planetary and space research
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