The Use of Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus for Passive Immunization and Protection against Infectious Diseases

Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI:10.3103/s0891416824700034
E. I. Ryabova, A. A. Derkaev, N. V. Pimenov, I. B. Esmagambetov
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Abstract

Infectious diseases remain a serious problem that requires constant improvement of effective methods of therapy and prevention. Traditional vaccination methods provide a durable immune response, but require time to develop antibodies. Passive immunization with the use of antibodies offers immediate protection but is limited by the short period of antibody circulation in the body. The recombinant adeno-associated viral vector (rAAV) has low immunogenicity and the ability for prolonged gene expression in host cells, which ensures the induction of persistent immune protection and overcomes the limitations of other methods. These properties make it a promising platform for passive immunization and long-term protection against infectious agents. The use of rAAVs, which carry genes for specific neutralizing antibodies to protect against viral diseases such as influenza, coronaviruses, and HIV, demonstrate high efficacy and safety in preclinical and clinical studies. The first phases of clinical trials of rAAV preparations for the prevention and treatment of HIV infection showed their safety and good tolerability. Also, the expression of monoclonal antibodies specific to bacterial exotoxins (enterotoxin A, cytotoxin B, botulinum toxin A, etc.) in rAAVs can be used to treat the corresponding bacterial infections (clostridiosis, botulism, etc.). This review examines current studies on the use of rAAVs as an innovative strategy for the delivery and expression of genes encoding neutralizing antibodies to provide long-term protection against infectious diseases. A review of the above studies highlights the significance and prospects of the use of rAAVs in the fight against infectious diseases, as well as indicating prospects for further research in this area.

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使用重组腺相关病毒进行被动免疫和预防传染病
传染病仍然是一个严重的问题,需要不断改进有效的治疗和预防方法。传统的疫苗接种方法可提供持久的免疫反应,但需要时间来产生抗体。使用抗体的被动免疫可提供即时保护,但受限于抗体在体内循环的时间较短。重组腺相关病毒载体(rAAV)的免疫原性低,且能在宿主细胞中长时间表达基因,从而确保诱导持久的免疫保护,克服了其他方法的局限性。这些特性使其成为一种很有前景的被动免疫平台,可对感染性病原体提供长期保护。使用携带特异性中和抗体基因的 rAAV 来预防流感、冠状病毒和 HIV 等病毒性疾病,在临床前和临床研究中显示出很高的有效性和安全性。用于预防和治疗艾滋病毒感染的 rAAV 制剂的第一阶段临床试验表明其安全性和耐受性良好。此外,在 rAAV 中表达针对细菌外毒素(肠毒素 A、细胞毒素 B、肉毒杆菌毒素 A 等)的特异性单克隆抗体,可用于治疗相应的细菌感染(梭菌病、肉毒中毒等)。本综述探讨了目前关于使用 rAAVs 作为一种创新战略,来传递和表达编码中和抗体的基因,以提供对传染病的长期保护的研究。对上述研究的综述强调了使用 rAAVs 抗击传染病的意义和前景,并指出了该领域进一步研究的前景。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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