Dynamical properties of mildly relativistic ejecta produced by the mass-loading of gamma-ray burst jets in dense ambient media

IF 2.2 4区 物理与天体物理 Q2 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
Akihiro Suzuki, Christopher M Irwin, Keiichi Maeda
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Abstract

We present the results of a series of 3D special relativistic hydrodynamic simulations of a gamma-ray burst (GRB) jet in a massive circumstellar medium (CSM) surrounding the progenitor star. Our simulations reproduce the jet morphology transitioning from a well-collimated state to a thermal pressure-driven state for a range of CSM masses and outer radii. The jet–CSM interaction redistributes the jet energy to materials expanding into a wide solid angle and results in a quasi-spherical ejecta with four-velocities from $\Gamma \beta \simeq 0.1$ to 10. The mass and kinetic energy of the ejecta with velocities faster than $0.1c$ are typically of the order of $0.1\, M_{\odot }$ and $10^{51}\:\mbox{erg}$ with only a weak dependence on the CSM mass and radius for the explored CSM parameter ranges. We find that the numerically obtained density structure of the mildly relativistic ejecta is remarkably universal. The radial density profile is well approximated as a power-law function of the radial velocity with an index of $-5$, $\rho \propto v^{-5}$, in agreement with our previous simulations and other studies, as well as those suggested from recent studies on early-phase spectra of supernovae associated with GRBs. Such fast ejecta rapidly becomes transparent following its expansion. Gradually releasing the trapped thermal photons, the ejecta gives rise to bright UV–optical emission within ${\sim} 1\:$d. We discuss the potential link of the relativistic ejecta resulting from jet–CSM interaction to GRB-associated supernovae as well as fast and blue optical transients.
伽玛射线暴射流在致密环境介质中的质量加载所产生的轻度相对论抛射物的动力学特性
我们展示了一系列三维特殊相对论流体力学模拟的结果,这些模拟是在围绕原恒星的大质量周星际介质(CSM)中的伽马射线暴(GRB)射流中进行的。我们的模拟再现了在一定范围的CSM质量和外半径下,喷流形态从良好的凝聚状态过渡到热压驱动状态的过程。喷流与CSM的相互作用将喷流能量重新分配给扩展到宽固角的物质,并产生了具有从$\Gamma \beta \simeq 0.1$到10的四等度的准球形喷出物。速度快于$0.1c$的抛射体的质量和动能通常为$0.1\, M_{\odot }$ 和 $10^{51}\:\mbox{erg}$,而在所探索的CSM参数范围内,它们对CSM质量和半径的依赖性很弱。我们发现,从数值上得到的轻度相对论抛射体的密度结构具有显著的普遍性。径向密度曲线被很好地近似为径向速度的幂律函数,其指数为$-5$,即$\rho \propto v^{-5}$,这与我们之前的模拟和其他研究,以及最近对与GRB相关的超新星早期阶段光谱的研究结果一致。这种快速喷出物在膨胀后会迅速变得透明。喷出物逐渐释放出被困的热光子,在${\sim} 1\:$d 内产生明亮的紫外光发射。我们讨论了喷流-CSM相互作用产生的相对论抛射物与GRB相关超新星以及快速和蓝色光学瞬变的潜在联系。
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来源期刊
Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan
Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan 地学天文-天文与天体物理
CiteScore
4.10
自引率
13.00%
发文量
98
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan (PASJ) publishes the results of original research in all aspects of astronomy, astrophysics, and fields closely related to them.
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