Uncertainty Principles on Clifford Modules

Abstract

In this paper, we derive the optimal Cauchy–Schwarz inequalities on a class of Hilbert and Krein modules over a Clifford algebra, which heavily depend on the Clifford algebraic structure. The obtained inequalities further lead to very general uncertainty inequalities on these modules. Some new phenomena arise, due to the non-commutative nature, the Clifford-valued inner products and the Krein geometry. Taking into account applications, special attention is given to the Dirac operator and the Howe dual pair \(\text{Pin}(m)\times\mathfrak{osp}(1\vert2)\). Moreover, it is surprisingly to find that the recent highly non-trivial uncertainty relation for triple observables is indeed a direct consequence of our Cauchy–Schwarz inequality. This new observation leads to refined uncertainty relations in terms of the Wigner–Yanase–Dyson skew information for mixed states and other generalizations. These show that the obtained uncertainty inequalities on Clifford modules can be considered as new uncertainty relations for multiple observables.