Empty-bucket techniques for spill-quality improvement at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron

IF 1.5 3区物理与天体物理 Q3 PHYSICS, NUCLEAR

Physical Review Accelerators and Beams Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI:10.1103/physrevaccelbeams.27.074001

Pablo A. Arrutia Sota, Matthew A. Fraser, Gregoire Hagmann, Verena Kain, Giulia Papotti, Arthur Spierer, Francesco M. Velotti, Philip N. Burrows, Roberto Piandani

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Abstract

Synchrotrons can provide long spills of particles by employing resonant extraction where the circulating beam is slowly ejected over thousands to millions of turns by exploiting the amplitude growth caused by a transverse resonance. In the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS), this method is used to satisfy the experimental requests of the North Area. However, the extracted particle flux is modulated by power-converter ripple, an issue shared across all sychrotrons that perform resonant extraction. In order to suppress such modulations, empty-bucket techniques can be employed, which take advantage of chromaticity to quickly accelerate particles into resonant motion by using a longitudinal rf system. This paper explores empty-bucket techniques via theory, simulation, and measurement, providing a systematic characterization with general applicability to any machine. Additionally, the operational implementation in the SPS is detailed, where the impact on the beam profile and extracted intensity is addressed.

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用于提高欧洲核子研究中心超级质子同步加速器溢出质量的空桶技术

同步加速器可以通过采用共振萃取技术提供长时间的粒子溢出，在这种技术中，循环光束通过利用横向共振引起的振幅增长，在数千到数百万圈内缓慢喷射。欧洲核子研究中心的超级质子同步加速器（SPS）采用这种方法来满足北区的实验要求。然而，提取的粒子通量会受到功率转换器纹波的调制，这是所有进行共振提取的同步加速器共同面临的问题。为了抑制这种调制，可以采用空桶技术，利用色度的优势，通过纵向射频系统快速加速粒子进入共振运动。本文通过理论、模拟和测量对空桶技术进行了探讨，提供了一个系统的特征描述，可普遍适用于任何机器。此外，还详细介绍了在 SPS 中的操作实施，并讨论了对光束轮廓和提取强度的影响。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Physical Review Accelerators and Beams Physics and Astronomy-Surfaces and Interfaces

CiteScore

3.90

自引率

23.50%

发文量

158

审稿时长

23 weeks

期刊介绍： Physical Review Special Topics - Accelerators and Beams (PRST-AB) is a peer-reviewed, purely electronic journal, distributed without charge to readers and funded by sponsors from national and international laboratories and other partners. The articles are published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. It covers the full range of accelerator science and technology; subsystem and component technologies; beam dynamics; accelerator applications; and design, operation, and improvement of accelerators used in science and industry. This includes accelerators for high-energy and nuclear physics, synchrotron-radiation production, spallation neutron sources, medical therapy, and intense-beam applications.