Enhancing Iron Content in Potatoes: a Critical Strategy for Combating Nutritional Deficiencies

Abstract

Despite recent advances in the prevention and control of nutritional deficiencies, estimates suggest that over two billion individuals worldwide are at risk for vitamin A, iodine and/or iron insufficiency. Pregnant women and small children are most at risk, and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa have very high incidence rates. Concerning public health are deficits in zinc, folate and the B vitamins, among other micronutrients. Micronutrient malnutrition, often referred to as hidden hunger, represents one of humanity’s most pressing challenges. Iron deficiency anaemia affects more individuals globally than any other prevalent disorder. However, iron supplementation can exacerbate infectious diseases, necessitating careful evaluation of iron therapy policies. In this review, we explore biofortification strategies to combat hidden hunger, considering recent medical and nutritional advancements. Enhancing iron content in edible plant parts can improve human nutrient status through crop consumption. Mineral and vitamin density in staple foods, particularly for impoverished populations, can be increased using traditional plant breeding or transgenic approaches, collectively known as biofortification. Microbial iron biofortification is especially valuable in developing countries where expensive supplements are unaffordable. Additionally, the current COVID-19 pandemic underscores the need for a robust immune system, with iron playing a crucial role in immune function enhancement.