The neutrophil extracellular traps in neurological diseases: an update.

IF 3.4 3区医学 Q3 IMMUNOLOGY

Clinical and experimental immunology Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI:10.1093/cei/uxae057

Xiaoping Yu, Zhaoyan Chen, Wei Bao, Yaqing Jiang, Fei Ruan, Di Wu, Kai Le

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Abstract

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) released by neutrophils are web-like DNA structures adhered to granulin proteins with bactericidal activity and can be an important mechanism for preventing pathogen dissemination or eliminating microorganisms. However, they also play important roles in diseases of other systems, such as the central nervous system. We tracked the latest advances and performed a review based on published original and review articles related to NETs and neurological diseases. Generally, neutrophils barely penetrate the blood-brain barrier into the brain parenchyma, but when pathological changes such as infection, trauma, or neurodegeneration occur, neutrophils rapidly infiltrate the central nervous system to exert their defensive effects. However, neutrophils may adversely affect the host when they uncontrollably release NETs upon persistent neuroinflammation. This review focused on recent advances in understanding the mechanisms and effects of NETs release in neurological diseases, and we also discuss the role of molecules that regulate NETs release in anticipation of clinical applications in neurological diseases.

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神经系统疾病中的中性粒细胞胞外捕获器：最新进展。

中性粒细胞释放的细胞外捕获器是一种网状 DNA 结构，附着在具有杀菌活性的颗粒蛋白上，是防止病原体传播或消灭微生物的重要机制。然而，它们在中枢神经系统等其他系统疾病中也发挥着重要作用。我们追踪了最新进展，并根据已发表的与中性粒细胞胞外捕获物和神经系统疾病相关的原创文章和综述文章进行了综述。一般情况下，中性粒细胞几乎不会穿透血脑屏障进入脑实质，但当感染、创伤或神经变性等病理变化发生时，中性粒细胞会迅速浸润中枢神经系统，发挥其防御作用。然而，如果中性粒细胞在神经炎症持续存在时不受控制地释放中性粒细胞胞外捕获物，则可能对宿主产生不利影响。本综述重点介绍了神经系统疾病中嗜中性粒细胞胞外捕获物释放机制和影响的最新研究进展，并探讨了调控嗜中性粒细胞胞外捕获物释放的分子的作用，以期待在神经系统疾病中的临床应用。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Clinical and experimental immunology 医学-免疫学

CiteScore

8.40

自引率

2.20%

发文量

101

审稿时长

3-8 weeks

期刊介绍： Clinical & Experimental Immunology (established in 1966) is an authoritative international journal publishing high-quality research studies in translational and clinical immunology that have the potential to transform our understanding of the immunopathology of human disease and/or change clinical practice. The journal is focused on translational and clinical immunology and is among the foremost journals in this field, attracting high-quality papers from across the world. Translation is viewed as a process of applying ideas, insights and discoveries generated through scientific studies to the treatment, prevention or diagnosis of human disease. Clinical immunology has evolved as a field to encompass the application of state-of-the-art technologies such as next-generation sequencing, metagenomics and high-dimensional phenotyping to understand mechanisms that govern the outcomes of clinical trials.