A dynamic state variable model suggests a stronger effect of age than individual energetic state on reproductive allocation in burying beetles

IF 1.9 2区 生物学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
Nathaneal Y. Yang, Blaine D. Griffen, J. Curtis Creighton, Mark C. Belk
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Abstract

Evolutionary fitness is determined by how an organism allocates energy, or other limited resources, to reproduction during its lifetime. For iteroparous organisms, two alternative patterns of lifetime reproductive allocation are terminal investment and reproductive restraint. Terminal investment maximizes an individual’s current reproductive output by allocating all available resources to current reproduction at the cost of future reproduction. In contrast, the reproductive restraint strategy allocates the individual’s resources toward future survival and reproductive events. We used dynamic state variable modeling to investigate the conditions under which the burying beetle, Nicrophorus orbicollis, would balance between reproductive restraint and terminal investment over their lifetime. Our model provides a formal extension, specific to burying beetle biology, of the dynamic terminal investment threshold conceptual model. For young females, we show that delayed reproduction and reproductive restraint are the optimal tactic for all individuals except for those in the highest condition. However, as age increases, terminal investment becomes the optimal tactic over an increasingly broader range of individual conditions. Surprisingly, manipulation of a variety of factors, such as survival rate, resource availability, and metabolic costs, causes only minor changes in the general pattern observed. We suggest that in burying beetles, and other similar organisms, age plays a dominant role in determining the pattern of reproductive allocation over a lifetime. Individual energetic condition is important in changing the boundaries between alternative reproductive strategies, but it does not change the overall pattern of dominance of delayed reproduction or reproductive restraint at early ages and dominance of terminal investment with increasing age.

Abstract Image

动态状态变量模型表明,年龄比个体能量状态对掩埋甲虫生殖分配的影响更大
生物在一生中如何将能量或其他有限的资源分配给繁殖,决定了生物的进化适应性。对于迭代生物来说,终极投资和生殖抑制是终生生殖分配的两种可选模式。终端投资将所有可用资源分配给当前的繁殖,以牺牲未来的繁殖为代价,从而使个体当前的繁殖产出最大化。与此相反,生殖抑制策略将个体的资源分配给未来的生存和生殖活动。我们利用动态状态变量模型研究了掩埋甲虫(Nicrophorus orbicollis)在一生中平衡生殖抑制和终端投资的条件。我们的模型是对动态终端投资阈值概念模型的正式扩展,特别适用于埋甲虫生物学。我们的研究表明,对于年轻雌性个体来说,延迟繁殖和生殖克制是所有个体的最佳策略,但处于最高状态的个体除外。然而,随着年龄的增长,在越来越广泛的个体条件下,终端投资成为最优策略。令人惊讶的是,对存活率、资源可用性和新陈代谢成本等各种因素的操纵,只会使观察到的一般模式发生微小变化。我们认为,在埋葬甲虫和其他类似生物中,年龄在决定一生的生殖分配模式中起着主导作用。个体的能量条件在改变可供选择的生殖策略之间的界限方面很重要,但它不会改变延迟生殖或早期生殖抑制占主导地位以及随着年龄的增加终端投资占主导地位的总体模式。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.90
自引率
8.70%
发文量
146
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: The journal publishes reviews, original contributions and commentaries dealing with quantitative empirical and theoretical studies in the analysis of animal behavior at the level of the individual, group, population, community, and species.
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