Digging into boring bryozoans: new characters and new species of Immergentiidae

IF 1.9 3区 生物学 Q3 EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
Mildred J. Johnson, Ahmed J. Saadi, Piotr Kuklinski, Abigail M. Smith, Juan López-Gappa, Thomas Schwaha
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Immergentia is an endolithic genus of ctenostome bryozoans and the sole member of the Immergentiidae. Etchings of their typical spindled-shaped and sometimes enantiomorphic borehole aperture in calcium carbonate substrates are accomplished by chemical dissolution. The tentacle crown of the bryozoan is essentially the only body part that extends beyond the shell surface when protruded. Previously, species were mainly described using external colony and zooidal characteristics or whole mounts, with partial histological sections conducted on a single species in 1947. Modern approaches, however, are hitherto missing. We examined the soft body morphology of Immergentia from different locations with confocal laser scanning microscopy and the production of 3D reconstructions. In addition, zooidal characteristics such as tentacle number, size, tubulets, and interzooidal distances were used to distinguish and describe species. The combination of conventional and modern methods revealed the presence of a cardiac constrictor and intercalary kenozooids that can interpose between the cystid appendages, something not previously reported in immergentiids, thus necessitating an amendment of the family diagnosis. The polypide typically has eight to ten tentacles, and the anus is positioned in the low or mid-lophophoral area. In addition, sequence data, including the mitogenome and the nuclear ribosomal genes (18S and 28S) of four species from five locations, are presented for the first time. Based on molecular and morphological data, a novel intertidal immergentiid from France, Immergentia stephanieae sp. nov., and a subtidal species from New Zealand, I. pohowskii sp. nov., are described. This work supplements the rather sparse existing knowledge on Immergentiidae and proposes additional characteristics to complement existing descriptions in order to enhance future species identification.

Abstract Image

挖掘枯燥无味的贝类:新特征和 Immergentiidae 的新物种
栉水母属(Immergentia)是栉水母纲的一个内石属,也是栉水母科(Immergentiidae)的唯一成员。它们在碳酸钙基质上典型的纺锤形钻孔孔道蚀刻,有时是通过化学溶解完成的。双壳类动物的触手冠基本上是唯一伸出壳外的身体部分。以前,对物种的描述主要是利用外部菌落和动物体特征或整体装片,1947 年对一个物种进行了部分组织学切片。然而,迄今为止还缺少现代方法。我们利用共焦激光扫描显微镜和三维重建技术研究了来自不同地点的 Immergentia 的软体形态。此外,我们还利用触手的数量、大小、小管和水层间距离等动物体特征来区分和描述物种。传统方法和现代方法的结合揭示了心脏缢缩器和可插在囊状附属物之间的闰栉水母的存在,这是以前从未报道过的,因此有必要对该科的诊断进行修正。多触手通常有八到十个触手,肛门位于低位或中位食道区。此外,还首次提供了来自五个地点的四个物种的序列数据,包括有丝分裂基因组和核核糖体基因(18S 和 28S)。根据分子和形态学数据,描述了一种来自法国的新型潮间带沉水虫--Immergentia stephanieae sp.nov.和一种来自新西兰的潮下物种--I. pohowskii sp.nov.。这项工作补充了现有关于Immergentiidae的知识,并提出了补充现有描述的其他特征,以加强未来的物种鉴定。
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来源期刊
Organisms Diversity & Evolution
Organisms Diversity & Evolution 生物-进化生物学
CiteScore
3.60
自引率
0.00%
发文量
56
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Organisms Diversity & Evolution (published by the Gesellschaft fuer Biologische Systematik, GfBS) is devoted to furthering our understanding of all aspects of organismal diversity and evolution. Papers addressing evolutionary aspects of the systematics, phylogenetics, morphology and development, taxonomy and biogeography of any group of eukaryotes, recent or fossil, are welcome. Priority is given to papers with a strong evolutionary and/or phylogenetic focus. Manuscripts presenting important methods or tools or addressing key theoretical, methodological, and philosophical principles related to the study of organismal diversity are also welcome. Species descriptions are welcome as parts of a manuscript of broader interest that strive to integrate such taxonomic information with the other areas of interest mentioned above.
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