Jie Song, GuanWen Fang, Shuo Ba, Zesen Lin, Yizhou Gu, Chichun Zhou, Tao Wang, Cai-Na Hao, Guilin Liu, Hongxin Zhang, Yao Yao, Xu Kong
{"title":"USmorph: An Updated Framework of Automatic Classification of Galaxy Morphologies and Its Application to Galaxies in the COSMOS Field","authors":"Jie Song, GuanWen Fang, Shuo Ba, Zesen Lin, Yizhou Gu, Chichun Zhou, Tao Wang, Cai-Na Hao, Guilin Liu, Hongxin Zhang, Yao Yao, Xu Kong","doi":"10.3847/1538-4365/ad434f","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Morphological classification conveys abundant information on the formation, evolution, and environment of galaxies. In this work, we refine a two-step galaxy morphological classification framework (<monospace>USmorph</monospace>), which employs a combination of unsupervised machine-learning and supervised machine-learning techniques, along with a self-consistent and robust data-preprocessing step. The updated method is applied to galaxies with <italic toggle=\"yes\">I</italic>\n<sub>mag</sub> < 25 at 0.2 < <italic toggle=\"yes\">z</italic> < 1.2 in the COSMOS field. Based on their Hubble Space Telescope/Advanced Camera for Survey <italic toggle=\"yes\">I</italic>-band images, we classify them into five distinct morphological types: spherical (SPH, 15,200), early-type disk (17,369), late-type disk (21,143), irregular disk (IRR, 28,965), and unclassified (UNC, 17,129). In addition, we have conducted both parametric and nonparametric morphological measurements. For galaxies with stellar masses exceeding 10<sup>9</sup>\n<italic toggle=\"yes\">M</italic>\n<sub>☉</sub>, a gradual increase in effective radius from SPHs to IRRs is observed, accompanied by a decrease in the Sérsic index. Nonparametric morphologies reveal distinct distributions of galaxies across the <italic toggle=\"yes\">G</italic>ini−<italic toggle=\"yes\">M</italic>\n<sub>20</sub> and <italic toggle=\"yes\">C</italic>−<italic toggle=\"yes\">A</italic> parameter spaces for different categories. Moreover, different categories exhibit significant dissimilarity in their <italic toggle=\"yes\">G</italic>\n<sub>2</sub> and Ψ distributions. We find morphology to be strongly correlated with redshift and stellar mass. The consistency of these classification results with expected correlations among multiple parameters underscores the validity and reliability of our classification method, rendering it a valuable tool for future studies.","PeriodicalId":22368,"journal":{"name":"The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ad434f","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Morphological classification conveys abundant information on the formation, evolution, and environment of galaxies. In this work, we refine a two-step galaxy morphological classification framework (USmorph), which employs a combination of unsupervised machine-learning and supervised machine-learning techniques, along with a self-consistent and robust data-preprocessing step. The updated method is applied to galaxies with Imag < 25 at 0.2 < z < 1.2 in the COSMOS field. Based on their Hubble Space Telescope/Advanced Camera for Survey I-band images, we classify them into five distinct morphological types: spherical (SPH, 15,200), early-type disk (17,369), late-type disk (21,143), irregular disk (IRR, 28,965), and unclassified (UNC, 17,129). In addition, we have conducted both parametric and nonparametric morphological measurements. For galaxies with stellar masses exceeding 109M☉, a gradual increase in effective radius from SPHs to IRRs is observed, accompanied by a decrease in the Sérsic index. Nonparametric morphologies reveal distinct distributions of galaxies across the Gini−M20 and C−A parameter spaces for different categories. Moreover, different categories exhibit significant dissimilarity in their G2 and Ψ distributions. We find morphology to be strongly correlated with redshift and stellar mass. The consistency of these classification results with expected correlations among multiple parameters underscores the validity and reliability of our classification method, rendering it a valuable tool for future studies.