The Intersection of the Microbiome and Adiposity in Cancer Risk and Outcomes: Breast, Endometrial, and Colorectal Cancers

Abstract

Purpose of Review

We reviewed and summarized the clinical, experimental, and epidemiological evidence examining the link between the microbiome and adiposity in the pathogenesis and progression of breast, endometrial, and colorectal cancer. Investigation of this intersection offers a novel approach for both the prevention and treatment of these cancers.

Recent Findings

The complexity of the gut microbiome and its association with the risk and progression of multiple cancers has gained increasing attention in recent years. Evidence suggests that gut dysbiosis may contribute to carcinogenesis through lowered microbial diversity, production of harmful metabolites, and increased inflammation. Additional risk factors for cancer, such as excess adiposity, may also affect the microbiome to alter metabolic and immune pathways, suggesting an obesity-associated gut microbiome may play a significant role in the development of cancer.

Summary

We found an abundance of evidence for bidirectional communication between the microbiome and adiposity and its significance in the development of obesity-related cancers. Current therapeutic approaches for restoring microbiome homeostasis as well as targeting adiposity are also discussed herein and offer potential to reduce the cancer burden in populations with a higher risk and prevalence of obesity.