Invasive Species of Segetal Communities of the Southern and Middle Urals

Pub Date : 2024-06-13 DOI:10.1134/s2075111724700127

G. R. Khasanova, S. M. Yamalov, A. A. Kamaletdinova

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Abstract

The invasive component of the cenoflora of segetal (field weed) communities of the Southern Urals and adjacent territories (Republic of Bashkortostan, Perm krai, and Orenburg oblast) was analyzed. A total of 33 invasive species were identified, which is 11.3% of the entire cenoflora of segetal communities. Analysis of species distribution in the syntaxonomic space of segetal vegetation showed that invasive species occur in 17 syntaxa corresponding to the rank of the association. The number of invasive species in them ranges from 1 to 16. Most of the recorded invasive species are xenophytes (Rhaponticum repens, Amaranthus albus, Ambrosia psylostachya, Artemisia sieversiana, Ceratocarpus arenarius, Cyclachaena xanthiifolia, Bassia scoparia, Iva xanthiifolia, Sisymbrium volgense, Xanthium orientale, etc.) and have high values of constancy and activity in the southern part of the gradient—in the steppe and the southern part of the forest-steppe zone. A small group of ergasiophytes (Heracleum sosnowskyi, Lupinus polyphyllus, Galega orientalis, etc.) gravitates to the northern part of the gradient to the forest and the northern part of the forest-steppe zone. The leading ecological factors of invasive species distribution are shading/lighting, temperature regime, and climate continentality. The most invasive communities of the region’s segetal vegetation and peculiar “corridors” for the advancement of some invasive species from south to north are the communities of Orenburg oblast, which represent two associations Amarantho blitoides–Lactucetum tataricae Khasanova et al. 2019 and Lactucetum tataricae Rudakov in Mirkin et al. 1985.

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乌拉尔南部和中部地区物种群落的入侵物种

摘要分析了南乌拉尔及邻近地区（巴什科尔托斯坦共和国、彼尔姆边疆区和奥伦堡州）segetal（田间杂草）群落中的入侵物种。共确定了 33 个入侵物种，占整个segetal群落物种总数的 11.3%。对物种在segetal植被句法空间中的分布进行的分析表明，入侵物种出现在17个与协会等级相对应的句法中。入侵物种的数量从 1 个到 16 个不等。所记录的入侵物种大多为异生植物（Rhaponticum repens、Amaranthus albus、Ambrosia psylostachya、Artemisia sieversiana、Ceratocarpus arenarius、Cyclachaena xanthiifolia、Bassia scoparia、Iva xanthiifolia、Sisymbrium volgense、Xanthium orientale 等），且具有较高的恒定值。在梯度的南部--草原和森林-草原区的南部，这些植物具有较高的恒定性和活性。一小部分麦角植物（Heracleum sosnowskyi、Lupinus polyphyllus、Galega orientalis 等）则向森林梯度的北部和森林-草原区的北部倾斜。入侵物种分布的主要生态因素是遮阳/光照、温度机制和气候的大陆性。奥伦堡州的群落是该地区隔离植被中最具入侵性的群落，也是一些入侵物种由南向北发展的特殊 "走廊"，这些群落代表了两个结合体：Amarantho blitoides-Lactucetum tataricae Khasanova 等人，2019 年；Lactucetum tataricae Rudakov，米尔金等人，1985 年。

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