Wall-Associated Kinase (WAK) and WAK-like Kinase Gene Family in Sugar Beet: Genome-Wide Characterization and In Silico Expression Analysis in Response to Beet Cyst Nematode (Heterodera schachtii Schmidt) Infection

IF 3.9 3区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES
Jihen Hamdi, Narjes Kmeli, Inchirah Bettaieb, Dhia Bouktila
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The wall-associated kinase (WAK) and WAK-associated kinase-like (WAKL) genes belong to the major receptor-like kinase (RLK) gene family in plants. They are well-known as important candidates for directly transmitting extracellular signals to the cytoplasm by connecting the extracellular matrix with intracellular compartments. As a result, they participate in developmental processes as well as stress responses. Although genome-wide investigations of the WAK/WAKL gene family have been carried out in a number of plant species, little is known about the WAK/WAKL genes in sugar beet, Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris L. (BvWAK/WAKLs). In this study, we performed a computational large-scale characterization of the members of this gene family in sugar beet. Fifty five (55) sugar beet WAK/WAKL proteins exhibited a wide range of physicochemical properties. A total of 10 conserved motifs were identified from all BvWAK/WAKL proteins, of which 3 motifs could be used as specific motif markers for distinguishing BvWAKs from BvWAKLs. Gene structure analysis showed that most BvWAK/WAKL genes contained 3 or 4 exons with no obvious phylogenetic organization. Among BvWAK/WAKL genes, 50 were assigned to their chromosomal locations and shown to have expanded primarily through tandem duplication. Comparative phylogeny revealed that sugar beet WAK/WAKL genes were divided into six clades, and orthologous gene pairs were identified between sugar beet and its wild-related species, the sea beet (Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima L.), while B. maritima lineage-specific genes provided clues for the introduction of wild genes in sugar beet cultivars. The gene expression data analysis revealed that the BvWAK/WAKL genes of susceptible and resistant cultivars were differentially expressed in response to beet cyst nematode (BCN) infection, and that 13 BvWAK/WAKL genes were up-regulated only in the resistant cultivar, suggesting that they are potentially involved in the resistance of sugar beet against this nematode. For the first time in sugar beet, our study presents an extensive computation-based knowledge platform on WAK/WAKL gene family and provides candidate genes for deeper molecular investigation of their potential role in sugar cyst nematode resistance.

Abstract Image

甜菜中的壁相关激酶(WAK)和 WAK 样激酶基因家族:响应甜菜囊线虫(Heterodera schachtii Schmidt)感染的全基因组特征和硅表达分析
壁相关激酶(WAK)和类WAK相关激酶(WAKL)基因属于植物中主要的类受体激酶(RLK)基因家族。众所周知,它们是通过连接细胞外基质和细胞内隔室将细胞外信号直接传递到细胞质的重要候选基因。因此,它们参与了发育过程和应激反应。虽然对许多植物物种的 WAK/WAKL 基因家族进行了全基因组范围的研究,但人们对甜菜(Beta vulgaris subsp.)在这项研究中,我们对甜菜中的这一基因家族成员进行了大规模的计算鉴定。55 种甜菜 WAK/WAKL 蛋白具有广泛的理化特性。从所有 BvWAK/WAKL 蛋白中总共鉴定出 10 个保守基团,其中 3 个基团可用作区分 BvWAK 和 BvWAKL 的特异基团标记。基因结构分析表明,大多数 BvWAK/WAKL 基因包含 3 或 4 个外显子,没有明显的系统发育组织。在 BvWAK/WAKL 基因中,有 50 个基因被分配到它们的染色体位置,并显示它们主要是通过串联复制而扩展的。比较系统发育显示,甜菜 WAK/WAKL 基因分为六个支系,并在甜菜与其野生相关物种海甜菜(Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima L.)之间发现了直向同源基因对,而 B. maritima 世系特异基因为甜菜栽培品种引入野生基因提供了线索。基因表达数据分析显示,易感栽培品种和抗性栽培品种的 BvWAK/WAKL 基因在甜菜孢囊线虫(BCN)感染时表达不同,其中 13 个 BvWAK/WAKL 基因仅在抗性栽培品种中上调,表明它们可能参与了甜菜对该线虫的抗性。我们的研究首次在甜菜中展示了一个基于计算的 WAK/WAKL 基因家族知识平台,并提供了候选基因,以便对其在糖囊线虫抗性中的潜在作用进行更深入的分子研究。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
8.40
自引率
6.20%
发文量
312
审稿时长
1.8 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of Plant Growth Regulation is an international publication featuring original articles on all aspects of plant growth and development. We welcome manuscripts reporting question-based research on various aspects of plant growth and development using hormonal, physiological, environmental, genetic, biophysical, developmental and/or molecular approaches. The journal also publishes timely reviews on highly relevant areas and/or studies in plant growth and development, including interdisciplinary work with an emphasis on plant growth, plant hormones and plant pathology or abiotic stress. In addition, the journal features occasional thematic issues with special guest editors, as well as brief communications describing novel techniques and meeting reports. The journal is unlikely to accept manuscripts that are purely descriptive in nature or reports work with simple tissue culture without attempting to investigate the underlying mechanisms of plant growth regulation, those that focus exclusively on microbial communities, or deal with the (elicitation by plant hormones of) synthesis of secondary metabolites.
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