S. Yu. Orlova, O. R. Emelyanova, N. A. Nebesikhina, N. I. Rabazanov, A. M. Orlov
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引用次数: 0
Abstract—
Numerous studies show that species identification of representatives of the genus Alosa using various genetic markers is often difficult and the search for more specific biomarkers is required. For the first time we analyzed polymorphism of COI gene fragment of mitochondrial DNA of two representatives of this genus (A. tanaica and A. kessleri), supplemented with new data on A. immaculata, from the waters of the Ponto-Caspian basin in comparative aspect with other representatives of the herring (Clupeoidea) genera Alosa, Clupea, Clupeonella, Sprattus, and Sardinops. The main result was the conclusion that within the genus Alosa, it is not possible to identify species using the marker used. On the one hand, specimens collected from morphologically distinct individuals and identified as different species have the same haplotypes. On the other hand, samples belonging to different species differ from each other by an insignificant number of nucleotide substitutions and do not form independent clades on the phylogram and haplotype network. This indicates the absence of genetic differentiation between the studied samples of herrings of genus Alosa into separate species and species groups when using DNA barcoding based on the COI gene. The reasons for such a phenomenon may be the following: (1) incorrect identification of species in catches, since shads (Alosidae) have high morphological flexibility and in many species, the main external morphological characters often overlap; (2) recent time of speciation by the standards of biological evolution for shads of genus Alosa; (3) difference in proportion of interspecific hybrids, which can vary significantly between populations of the same species.
摘要-大量研究表明，使用各种遗传标记对 Alosa 属的代表物种进行鉴定往往很困难，因此需要寻找更特异的生物标记。我们首次分析了该属两个代表种（A. tanaica 和 A. kessleri）线粒体 DNA COI 基因片段的多态性，并补充了 A. immaculata 的新数据，将其与鲱属（Clupeoidea）的其他代表种 Alosa、Clupea、Clupeonella、Sprattus 和 Sardinops 进行比较。主要结果是，在鲱鱼属中，使用所使用的标记无法识别物种。一方面，从形态上不同的个体采集的标本被鉴定为不同的物种时，其单倍型是相同的。另一方面，属于不同物种的样本之间的核苷酸替换数量相差不大，在系统图和单倍型网络上没有形成独立的支系。这表明，在使用基于 COI 基因的 DNA 条形码时，所研究的鲱属样本在遗传学上无法区分为不同的种和种群。造成这种现象的原因可能如下：(1) 捕获物中物种的错误识别，因为鲱科鱼类（Alosidae）的形态具有高度灵活性，许多物种的主要外部形态特征经常重叠；(2) 按照生物进化的标准，鲱属鱼类的物种形成时间较短；(3) 种间杂交比例的差异，同一物种的不同种群之间可能存在显著差异。
期刊介绍：
Journal of Ichthyology is an international peer-reviewed journal published in collaboration with the Russian Academy of Sciences. It covers original studies in fish taxonomy, evolution, molecular biology, morphology, species diversity, zoological geography, genetics, physiology, ecology, behavior, reproduction, embryology, invasions, and protection. Some problems of applied ichthyology are also covered. The journal welcomes manuscripts from all countries in the English or Russian language.
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