Transition of dome formation to sudden explosive eruptions at Popocatépetl, Mexico: magnetic indicators

IF 2 3区地球科学 Q3 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Frontiers in Earth Science Pub Date : 2024-06-20 DOI:10.3389/feart.2024.1204859

Ana Lillian Martin-Del-Pozzo, César Alberto Santos Morales

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Transitions from effusive to explosive activity can increase hazards making it crucial to define early indicators such as changes in the magnetic signals. After more than 80 cycles of crater-dome extrusion and destruction from 1996 on, Popocatépetl volcano (Mexico) experienced changes in its behavior from March 15 to 18 July 2019, when no lava domes were observed. Some of the domes behaved as contained lava flows within the crater floor (pancakes) while others were more irregular-shaped. Activity decreased considerably over this 2019 interval except for the unexpected explosions in March and June, that produced ash plumes reaching up to 14,000 m a.s.l. In order to investigate the causes of the transition from effusive to explosive behavior in March and June, we analyzed the time series from the magnetic monitoring network at Popocatépetl volcano between October 2018 and December 2019. The raw signals were analyzed by weighted differences (WD) based on the elimination of non-local changes from the total intensity values of the geomagnetic field and the discrete-time continuous wavelet transform was used to evaluate the local variations of energy within the time series. The high energy periods (linked to negative magnetic anomalies) are induced by magma ascent associated with movement within the conduit. They indicate that the sudden explosions were due to the ascent of several magma batches that were slowed during ascent and were not able to reach the surface. Changes in the rheology of the lava are linked to the influx of several batches of magma with different compositions as well as to compaction by gas loss when ascending andesitic magma pushed out overlying more viscous degassed magma clearing the conduit, which can explain why these sudden explosions were more energetic. Several geophysical data sets as well as tephra compositions were integrated to support this conclusion. The correlated multiparameters also confirm that geomagnetic volcano monitoring has been essential in understanding the processes that drive the observed changes in eruptive behavior. We present new evidence for the detection of transient events produced by magma ascent and changes in the feeding system of Popocatépetl volcano with wavelet analysis. Detailed vulcanomagnetic processing, especially when it is correlated with other monitoring parameters, provides information on ascending magma and several conduit processes that would otherwise be camouflaged. Ascending batches may precede an eruption but they can also ascend in several pulses indicating how dome growth occurs.

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墨西哥波波卡特佩特尔从圆顶形成到突然爆炸性喷发的过渡：磁性指标

从喷出活动到爆炸活动的过渡会增加危险，因此确定磁信号变化等早期指标至关重要。自 1996 年以来，波波卡特佩特火山（墨西哥）经历了 80 多个火山口圆顶挤压和破坏周期后，其行为在 2019 年 3 月 15 日至 7 月 18 日期间发生了变化，当时没有观察到熔岩圆顶。一些圆顶表现为火山口底部包含熔岩流（薄饼），而另一些圆顶则呈不规则形状。为了研究 3 月和 6 月从喷出行为向爆炸行为过渡的原因，我们分析了波波卡特佩特火山磁监测网络在 2018 年 10 月至 2019 年 12 月期间的时间序列。根据从地磁场总强度值中剔除非局部变化的方法，对原始信号进行了加权差分（WD）分析，并使用离散-时间连续小波变换来评估时间序列中的局部能量变化。高能量时段（与负磁异常相关）是由与导管内运动相关的岩浆上升引起的。它们表明，突然爆炸是由于几批岩浆在上升过程中速度减慢，无法到达地表。熔岩流变学的变化与几批不同成分的岩浆涌入有关，也与上升的安山岩岩浆挤出上覆的粘度较高的脱气岩浆清理导管时气体流失造成的压实有关，这可以解释为什么这些突然爆炸的能量更大。对几组地球物理数据以及热灰岩成分进行了整合，以支持这一结论。相关的多参数还证实，地磁火山监测对于理解所观察到的火山爆发行为变化的驱动过程至关重要。我们提出了利用小波分析检测波波卡特佩特尔火山岩浆上升和馈源系统变化所产生的瞬态事件的新证据。详细的火山磁处理，尤其是与其他监测参数相关联时，可提供有关岩浆上升和若干导管过程的信息，否则这些信息将被掩盖。岩浆成批上升可能发生在火山爆发之前，但也可能分几次上升，这表明了穹顶的增长过程。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Frontiers in Earth Science Earth and Planetary Sciences-General Earth and Planetary Sciences

CiteScore

3.50

自引率

10.30%

发文量

2076

审稿时长

12 weeks

期刊介绍： Frontiers in Earth Science is an open-access journal that aims to bring together and publish on a single platform the best research dedicated to our planet. This platform hosts the rapidly growing and continuously expanding domains in Earth Science, involving the lithosphere (including the geosciences spectrum), the hydrosphere (including marine geosciences and hydrology, complementing the existing Frontiers journal on Marine Science) and the atmosphere (including meteorology and climatology). As such, Frontiers in Earth Science focuses on the countless processes operating within and among the major spheres constituting our planet. In turn, the understanding of these processes provides the theoretical background to better use the available resources and to face the major environmental challenges (including earthquakes, tsunamis, eruptions, floods, landslides, climate changes, extreme meteorological events): this is where interdependent processes meet, requiring a holistic view to better live on and with our planet. The journal welcomes outstanding contributions in any domain of Earth Science. The open-access model developed by Frontiers offers a fast, efficient, timely and dynamic alternative to traditional publication formats. The journal has 20 specialty sections at the first tier, each acting as an independent journal with a full editorial board. The traditional peer-review process is adapted to guarantee fairness and efficiency using a thorough paperless process, with real-time author-reviewer-editor interactions, collaborative reviewer mandates to maximize quality, and reviewer disclosure after article acceptance. While maintaining a rigorous peer-review, this system allows for a process whereby accepted articles are published online on average 90 days after submission. General Commentary articles as well as Book Reviews in Frontiers in Earth Science are only accepted upon invitation.