Population recovery of a migratory anadromous fish in a small forest stream following restoration of longitudinal connectivity

IF 2.8 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY
Peter M. Kiffney, Joseph H. Anderson, Martin C. Liermann, Erin L. Jones, George R. Pess, Frances Kretschmer
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Abstract

Restoration of movement corridors is a key management action used to address threats to migratory and other mobile species. Yet, we lack restoration effectiveness studies that allow for species to reestablish naturally (i.e. without supplementation) following habitat reconnection that capture all phases (dispersal, growth, and regulation) of recovery, and that takes an ecosystems approach. We investigated the natural recovery of migratory anadromous Coho salmon following habitat reconnection across a 5‐km section of Rock Creek, a forested tributary of the Cedar River, Washington, United States, 3 km upstream of Landsburg Dam. The dam blocked upstream fish movement for 102 years until the completion of a fish ladder in 2003. We also evaluated the response of non‐migratory trout, which are closely related to Coho salmon. Juvenile Coho salmon natal to the Cedar River dispersed into Rock Creek for rearing until spawning there in 2007. After restoration, juvenile Coho salmon density (fish/m2) increased 18‐fold, approaching an asymptote (i.e. regulation phase) a decade later. Coho salmon recovery in Rock Creek was spatially variable, however, slowing with distance from the site of restoration. Trout density was also higher after restoration relative to before, likely due to several mechanisms, including increased capacity resulting from the reestablishment of marine organic matter subsidies delivered by spawning anadromous fish. Our study demonstrates that migratory species can recover naturally after the restoration of habitat connectivity and associated movement corridors. Furthermore, our results suggest that such actions can also benefit nontarget species by reestablishing key ecosystem links driven by the target species.
恢复纵向连通性后小森林溪流中洄游溯河鱼类的种群恢复
恢复移动走廊是一项关键的管理措施,用于应对迁徙物种和其他移动物种面临的威胁。然而,我们缺乏对物种在生境重新连接后自然重建(即无需补充)的恢复效果研究,这些研究捕捉了恢复的所有阶段(扩散、生长和调节),并采用了生态系统方法。我们在美国华盛顿州锡达河的森林支流岩石溪(Rock Creek)的一个 5 公里长的河段(兰兹堡大坝上游 3 公里处)调查了洄游溯河科霍鲑在生境重新连接后的自然恢复情况。在 2003 年鱼梯建成之前,该水坝阻断了上游鱼类的活动长达 102 年之久。我们还评估了与科霍鲑关系密切的非洄游鳟鱼的反应。原产于锡达河的幼年科霍鲑分散到岩石溪饲养,直到 2007 年在那里产卵。恢复后,库荷鲑幼鱼密度(鱼/平方米)增加了 18 倍,十年后接近渐近线(即调节阶段)。不过,洛克溪中的库荷鲑恢复情况在空间上是可变的,随着距离恢复地点的远近而减缓。与恢复前相比,恢复后的鳟鱼密度也更高,这可能是由于多种机制造成的,包括产卵溯河鱼类提供的海洋有机物补贴的重建所带来的容量增加。我们的研究表明,洄游物种可以在恢复栖息地连通性和相关运动走廊后自然恢复。此外,我们的研究结果表明,通过重建由目标物种驱动的关键生态系统联系,这些行动也能使非目标物种受益。
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来源期刊
Restoration Ecology
Restoration Ecology 环境科学-生态学
CiteScore
6.50
自引率
15.60%
发文量
226
审稿时长
12-24 weeks
期刊介绍: Restoration Ecology fosters the exchange of ideas among the many disciplines involved with ecological restoration. Addressing global concerns and communicating them to the international research community and restoration practitioners, the journal is at the forefront of a vital new direction in science, ecology, and policy. Original papers describe experimental, observational, and theoretical studies on terrestrial, marine, and freshwater systems, and are considered without taxonomic bias. Contributions span the natural sciences, including ecological and biological aspects, as well as the restoration of soil, air and water when set in an ecological context; and the social sciences, including cultural, philosophical, political, educational, economic and historical aspects. Edited by a distinguished panel, the journal continues to be a major conduit for researchers to publish their findings in the fight to not only halt ecological damage, but also to ultimately reverse it.
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