Population and clonal structure of Acropora cf. hyacinthus to inform coral restoration practices on the Great Barrier Reef

IF 2.7 2区 生物学 Q1 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY
Lorna Howlett, Emma F. Camp, Nicolas S. Locatelli, Iliana B. Baums, Paige Strudwick, Sage Rassmussen, David J. Suggett
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Abstract

A key goal of coral restoration is to re-establish self-sustaining coral populations and ensure resilience to future stressors, which requires that genetic diversity is maximised. However, coral genetic and genotypic (clonal) diversity is variable across reef sites via success of sexual recruitment, and cryptic species diversity can complicate breeding efforts. Assessing genotypic and genetic diversity of colonies to be used in restoration is therefore critical to avoid founder, inbreeding or outbreeding effects. Considering recent efforts to upscale coral propagation on the Great Barrier Reef (GBR), we examined species, population and clonal structure of a commonly out-planted tabular Acropora species—Acropora hyacinthus (Dana, 1864). A total of 189 colonies were sampled from six reef systems throughout the northern-central GBR and genotyped using an Acropora-specific Affymetrix microarray, which resulted in 1387 variant sites that passed quality control. Cryptic species were readily resolved and all sampled A. hyacinthus colonies represented unique genotypes within sites at three reefs. At reefs that contained multi-ramet genets (clonal genotypes), the mean and maximum between-ramet distances were 0.68 and 1.99 m, respectively. Therefore, sampling colonies > 2 m apart increases the likelihood these colonies represent distinct genets. Such a sampling design therefore maximises genotypic diversity when sourcing colonies for propagation and out-planting. Based on these variant sites, we found no between-reef genetic divergence based on locality. Furthermore, through unintentional sampling of non-target tabular Acroporid species, we show how this genotyping method may be used for resolving taxonomic uncertainty as well as population dynamics.

Abstract Image

为大堡礁珊瑚修复实践提供信息的水杉属珊瑚的种群和克隆结构
珊瑚恢复的一个关键目标是重建可自我维持的珊瑚种群,并确保对未来压力的恢复能力,这就要求最大限度地提高遗传多样性。然而,不同珊瑚礁地点的珊瑚遗传和基因型(克隆)多样性因有性繁殖的成功率而不同,而且隐性物种多样性会使繁殖工作复杂化。因此,评估用于恢复的珊瑚群的基因型和遗传多样性对于避免创始人、近亲繁殖或近亲繁殖效应至关重要。考虑到最近在大堡礁(GBR)上扩大珊瑚繁殖规模的努力,我们研究了一种常见的外植片藻--Acropora hyacinthus(Dana,1864 年)的物种、种群和克隆结构。我们从整个 GBR 中北部的六个珊瑚礁系统中采集了 189 个菌落样本,并使用 Acropora 特有的 Affymetrix 芯片进行了基因分型,结果有 1387 个变异位点通过了质量控制。在三个珊瑚礁中,所有取样的风信子(A. hyacinthus)菌落都代表了不同地点的独特基因型。在含有多瓣基因组(克隆基因型)的珊瑚礁上,瓣间距离的平均值和最大值分别为 0.68 米和 1.99 米。因此,对相距 2 米的礁群进行取样可增加这些礁群代表不同基因型的可能性。因此,这样的取样设计能最大限度地提高用于繁殖和外植的菌落的基因型多样性。基于这些变异地点,我们没有发现基于地点的礁间遗传差异。此外,通过对非目标表孔棘皮动物的无意取样,我们展示了这种基因分型方法如何用于解决分类不确定性和种群动态问题。
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来源期刊
Coral Reefs
Coral Reefs 生物-海洋与淡水生物学
CiteScore
6.80
自引率
11.40%
发文量
111
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: Coral Reefs, the Journal of the International Coral Reef Society, presents multidisciplinary literature across the broad fields of reef studies, publishing analytical and theoretical papers on both modern and ancient reefs. These encourage the search for theories about reef structure and dynamics, and the use of experimentation, modeling, quantification and the applied sciences. Coverage includes such subject areas as population dynamics; community ecology of reef organisms; energy and nutrient flows; biogeochemical cycles; physiology of calcification; reef responses to natural and anthropogenic influences; stress markers in reef organisms; behavioural ecology; sedimentology; diagenesis; reef structure and morphology; evolutionary ecology of the reef biota; palaeoceanography of coral reefs and coral islands; reef management and its underlying disciplines; molecular biology and genetics of coral; aetiology of disease in reef-related organisms; reef responses to global change, and more.
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