Early snowmelt advances flowering phenology and disrupts the drivers of pollinator visitation in an alpine ecosystem

IF 2.6 3区 生物学 Q2 PLANT SCIENCES
Annika Rose-Person, Marko J. Spasojevic, Chiara Forrester, William D. Bowman, Katharine N. Suding, Meagan F. Oldfather, Nicole E. Rafferty
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Climate change is altering interactions among plants and pollinators. In alpine ecosystems, where snowmelt timing is a key driver of phenology, earlier snowmelt may generate shifts in plant and pollinator phenology that vary across the landscape, potentially disrupting interactions. Here we ask how experimental advancement of snowmelt timing in a topographically heterogeneous alpine-subalpine landscape impacts flowering, insect pollinator visitation, and pathways connecting key predictors of plant-pollinator interaction. Snowmelt was advanced by an average of 13.5 days in three sites via the application of black sand over snow in manipulated plots, which were paired with control plots. For each forb species, we documented flowering onset and counted flowers throughout the season. We also performed pollinator observations to measure visitation rates. The majority (79.3%) of flower visits were made by dipteran insects. We found that plants flowered earlier in advanced snowmelt plots, with the largest advances in later-flowering species, but flowering duration and visitation rate did not differ between advanced snowmelt and control plots. Using piecewise structural equation models, we assessed the interactive effects of topography on snowmelt timing, flowering phenology, floral abundance, and pollinator visitation. We found that these factors interacted to predict visitation rate in control plots. However, in plots with experimentally advanced snowmelt, none of these predictors explained a significant amount of variation in visitation rate, indicating that different predictors are needed to understand the processes that directly influence pollinator visitation to flowers under future climate conditions. Our findings demonstrate that climate change-induced early snowmelt may fundamentally disrupt the predictive relationships among abiotic and biotic drivers of plant-pollinator interactions in subalpine-alpine environments.

Abstract Image

早期融雪推进了高山生态系统的开花物候并扰乱了授粉者造访的驱动因素
气候变化正在改变植物与传粉昆虫之间的相互作用。在高山生态系统中,融雪时间是物候的关键驱动因素,融雪时间提前可能会导致植物和传粉昆虫的物候发生变化,这种变化在整个地形中各不相同,可能会破坏相互作用。在此,我们探讨了在地形异质性的高山-亚高山地貌中,实验性地提前融雪时间如何影响开花、昆虫授粉者造访以及连接植物-授粉者相互作用关键预测因子的途径。在三个地点,通过在控制地块和对照地块的雪地上撒黑沙,融雪期平均提前了 13.5 天。对于每种禁止植物,我们都记录了开花时间,并在整个季节对花朵进行了计数。我们还对授粉昆虫进行了观察,以测量其到访率。大多数(79.3%)花朵都是由双翅目昆虫造访的。我们发现,提前融雪地块的植物开花较早,开花较晚的物种开花最晚,但提前融雪地块和对照地块的开花持续时间和访花率并无差异。我们使用片断结构方程模型评估了地形对融雪时间、开花物候、花卉丰度和传粉昆虫来访的交互影响。我们发现,在对照地块中,这些因素相互作用,预测了访花率。然而,在实验性提前融雪的地块中,这些预测因子都不能解释大量的造访率变化,这表明需要不同的预测因子来了解在未来气候条件下直接影响传粉昆虫造访花朵的过程。我们的研究结果表明,气候变化引起的早期融雪可能会从根本上破坏亚高山-高山环境中植物与传粉昆虫相互作用的非生物和生物驱动因素之间的预测关系。
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来源期刊
Alpine Botany
Alpine Botany PLANT SCIENCES-
CiteScore
5.10
自引率
18.50%
发文量
15
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Alpine Botany is an international journal providing a forum for plant science studies at high elevation with links to fungal and microbial ecology, including vegetation and flora of mountain regions worldwide.
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