Cyclic Peptides KS-133 and KS-487 Multifunctionalized Nanoparticles Enable Efficient Brain Targeting for Treating Schizophrenia

Abstract

Establishing drug delivery systems (DDSs) for transporting drugs from peripheral tissues to the brain is crucial for treating central nervous system diseases. We previously reported the interactions of (1) KS-133, a selective antagonist peptide, with vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 2 (VIPR2), a drug target for schizophrenia, and (2) KS-487, a selective binding peptide, with the cluster IV domain of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1), which is involved in crossing the blood–brain barrier. We developed a novel DDS-based strategy for treating schizophrenia using KS-487 as a brain-targeting peptide and KS-133 as a drug. Dibenzocyclooctyne-KS-487 was conjugated with N₃-indocyanine green (ICG) using a click reaction and administered intravenously into mice. Fluorescence was clearly observed from ICG in the brains of the mice. Nanoparticles (NPs) encapsulating ICG and displaying KS-487 were prepared and subcutaneously administered to mice, resulting in a significant accumulation of ICG in the brain. Pharmacokinetic analysis of NPs containing KS-133 and displaying KS-487 (KS-133/KS-487 NPs) revealed the time-dependent transport of KS-133 into the brain. KS-133/KS-487 NPs were subcutaneously administered to mouse models of schizophrenia, which significantly improved cognitive dysfunction. This is the first study to demonstrate the potential therapeutic efficacy of a multifunctionalized multipeptide NP in inhibiting VIPR2.