Using knowledge graphs for audio retrieval: a case study on copyright infringement detection

Marco Montanaro, Antonio Maria Rinaldi, Cristiano Russo, Cristian Tommasino
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Abstract

Identifying cases of intellectual property violation in multimedia files poses significant challenges for the Internet infrastructure, especially when dealing with extensive document collections. Typically, techniques used to tackle such issues can be categorized into either of two groups: proactive and reactive approaches. This article introduces an approach combining both proactive and reactive solutions to remove illegal uploads on a platform while preventing legal uploads or modified versions of audio tracks, such as parodies, remixes or further types of edits. To achieve this, we have developed a rule-based focused crawler specifically designed to detect copyright infringement on audio files coupled with a visualization environment that maps the retrieved data on a knowledge graph to represent information extracted from audio files. Our system automatically scans multimedia files that are uploaded to a public collection when a user submits a search query, performing an audio information retrieval task only on files deemed legal. We present experimental results obtained from tests conducted by performing user queries on a large music collection, a subset of 25,000 songs and audio snippets obtained from the Free Music Archive library. The returned audio tracks have an associated Similarity Score, a metric we use to determine the quality of the adversarial searches executed by the system. We then proceed with discussing the effectiveness and efficiency of different settings of our proposed system.

Graphical abstract

Abstract Image

使用知识图谱进行音频检索:版权侵权检测案例研究
摘要识别多媒体文件中侵犯知识产权的案例给互联网基础设施带来了巨大挑战,尤其是在处理大量文件集合时。通常,用于解决此类问题的技术可分为两类:主动式方法和被动式方法。本文介绍了一种结合主动和被动解决方案的方法,既能删除平台上的非法上传,又能防止合法上传或音轨的修改版本,如模仿、混音或其他类型的编辑。为实现这一目标,我们开发了一种基于规则的重点爬虫,专门用于检测音频文件的版权侵权行为,同时还开发了一种可视化环境,将检索到的数据映射到知识图谱上,以表示从音频文件中提取的信息。当用户提交搜索查询时,我们的系统会自动扫描上传到公共收藏中的多媒体文件,只对被视为合法的文件执行音频信息检索任务。我们展示了在一个大型音乐库(从自由音乐档案库中获取的 25,000 首歌曲和音频片段的子集)中执行用户查询的测试结果。返回的音轨都有一个相关的相似度得分,我们用这个指标来确定系统执行的对抗搜索的质量。接下来,我们将讨论我们所提议系统的不同设置的有效性和效率。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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