Structure and Dynamics of Type 4a Pili and Type 2 Secretion System Endopili.

Q1 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Sub-cellular biochemistry Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI:10.1007/978-3-031-58843-3_21

Nadia Izadi-Pruneyre, Yasaman Karami, Michael Nilges

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Abstract

Within the highly diverse type four filament (TFF or T4F) superfamily, the machineries of type IVa pili (T4aP) and the type 2 secretion system (T2SS) in diderm bacteria exhibit a substantial sequence similarity despite divergent functions and distinct appearances: T4aP can extend micrometers beyond the outer membrane, whereas the endopili in the T2SS are restricted to the periplasm. The determination of the structure of individual components and entire filaments is crucial to understand how their structure enables them to serve different functions. However, the dynamics of these filaments poses a challenge for their high-resolution structure determination. This review presents different approaches that have been used to study the structure and dynamics of T4aP and T2SS endopili by means of integrative structural biology, cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), and molecular dynamics simulations. Their conserved features and differences are presented. The non-helical stretch in the long-conserved N-terminal helix which is characteristic of all members of the TFF and the impact of calcium on structure, function, and dynamics of these filaments are discussed in detail.

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4a 型纤毛器和 2 型分泌系统内纤毛器的结构和动力学。

在高度多样化的四型细丝（TFF 或 T4F）超家族中，第四型纤毛虫（T4aP）的机制和真菌的第二型分泌系统（T2SS）尽管功能不同、外观各异，但序列却非常相似：T4aP 可以延伸到外膜以外几微米的地方，而 T2SS 的内纤毛仅限于外质。确定单个成分和整个细丝的结构对于了解它们的结构如何使其发挥不同的功能至关重要。然而，这些细丝的动态变化对它们的高分辨率结构测定构成了挑战。本综述介绍了通过综合结构生物学、低温电子显微镜（cryo-EM）和分子动力学模拟研究 T4aP 和 T2SS 内纤丝结构和动力学的不同方法。介绍了它们的保守特征和差异。详细讨论了 TFF 所有成员都具有的长保留 N 端螺旋的非螺旋伸展，以及钙对这些细丝的结构、功能和动力学的影响。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Sub-cellular biochemistry Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology-Biochemistry

CiteScore

5.90

自引率

0.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： The book series SUBCELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY is a renowned and well recognized forum for disseminating advances of emerging topics in Cell Biology and related subjects. All volumes are edited by established scientists and the individual chapters are written by experts on the relevant topic. The individual chapters of each volume are fully citable and indexed in Medline/Pubmed to ensure maximum visibility of the work.