Activity-based detection of synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists in plant materials.

IF 4 2区 社会学 Q1 SUBSTANCE ABUSE
Axelle Timmerman, Margot Balcaen, Vera Coopman, Maarten Degreef, Eline Pottie, Christophe P Stove
{"title":"Activity-based detection of synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists in plant materials.","authors":"Axelle Timmerman, Margot Balcaen, Vera Coopman, Maarten Degreef, Eline Pottie, Christophe P Stove","doi":"10.1186/s12954-024-01044-4","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Since late 2019, fortification of 'regular' cannabis plant material with synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs) has become a notable phenomenon on the drug market. As many SCRAs pose a higher health risk than genuine cannabis, recognizing SCRA-adulterated cannabis is important from a harm reduction perspective. However, this is not always an easy task as adulterated cannabis may only be distinguished from genuine cannabis by dedicated, often expensive and time-consuming analytical techniques. In addition, the dynamic nature of the SCRA market renders identification of fortified samples a challenging task. Therefore, we established and applied an in vitro cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB<sub>1</sub>) activity-based procedure to screen plant material for the presence of SCRAs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The assay principle relies on the functional complementation of a split-nanoluciferase following recruitment of β-arrestin 2 to activated CB<sub>1</sub>. A straightforward sample preparation, encompassing methanolic extraction and dilution, was optimized for plant matrices, including cannabis, spiked with 5 µg/mg of the SCRA CP55,940.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The bioassay successfully detected all samples of a set (n = 24) of analytically confirmed authentic Spice products, additionally providing relevant information on the 'strength' of a preparation and whether different samples may have originated from separate batches or possibly the same production batch. Finally, the methodology was applied to assess the occurrence of SCRA adulteration in a large set (n = 252) of herbal materials collected at an international dance festival. This did not reveal any positives, i.e. there were no samples that yielded a relevant CB<sub>1</sub> activation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In summary, we established SCRA screening of herbal materials as a new application for the activity-based CB<sub>1</sub> bioassay. The simplicity of the sample preparation, the rapid results and the universal character of the bioassay render it an effective and future-proof tool for evaluating herbal materials for the presence of SCRAs, which is relevant in the context of harm reduction.</p>","PeriodicalId":12922,"journal":{"name":"Harm Reduction Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"127"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11218095/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Harm Reduction Journal","FirstCategoryId":"90","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12954-024-01044-4","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"SUBSTANCE ABUSE","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Since late 2019, fortification of 'regular' cannabis plant material with synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs) has become a notable phenomenon on the drug market. As many SCRAs pose a higher health risk than genuine cannabis, recognizing SCRA-adulterated cannabis is important from a harm reduction perspective. However, this is not always an easy task as adulterated cannabis may only be distinguished from genuine cannabis by dedicated, often expensive and time-consuming analytical techniques. In addition, the dynamic nature of the SCRA market renders identification of fortified samples a challenging task. Therefore, we established and applied an in vitro cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) activity-based procedure to screen plant material for the presence of SCRAs.

Methods: The assay principle relies on the functional complementation of a split-nanoluciferase following recruitment of β-arrestin 2 to activated CB1. A straightforward sample preparation, encompassing methanolic extraction and dilution, was optimized for plant matrices, including cannabis, spiked with 5 µg/mg of the SCRA CP55,940.

Results: The bioassay successfully detected all samples of a set (n = 24) of analytically confirmed authentic Spice products, additionally providing relevant information on the 'strength' of a preparation and whether different samples may have originated from separate batches or possibly the same production batch. Finally, the methodology was applied to assess the occurrence of SCRA adulteration in a large set (n = 252) of herbal materials collected at an international dance festival. This did not reveal any positives, i.e. there were no samples that yielded a relevant CB1 activation.

Conclusion: In summary, we established SCRA screening of herbal materials as a new application for the activity-based CB1 bioassay. The simplicity of the sample preparation, the rapid results and the universal character of the bioassay render it an effective and future-proof tool for evaluating herbal materials for the presence of SCRAs, which is relevant in the context of harm reduction.

基于活性的植物材料中合成大麻素受体激动剂检测。
背景:自 2019 年底以来,在 "正规 "大麻植物材料中添加合成大麻素受体激动剂(SCRA)已成为毒品市场上的一个显著现象。由于许多合成大麻素受体激动剂的健康风险高于真正的大麻,因此从减少危害的角度来看,识别掺杂合成大麻素受体激动剂的大麻非常重要。然而,这并不总是一件容易的事,因为掺假大麻只能通过专门的、通常昂贵且耗时的分析技术才能与真正的大麻区分开来。此外,由于 SCRA 市场的动态性质,对强化样本的识别也是一项具有挑战性的任务。因此,我们建立并应用了一种基于体外大麻素受体 1(CB1)活性的程序来筛查植物材料中是否含有 SCRA:方法:检测原理依赖于β-arrestin 2 与活化的 CB1 结合后,分裂荧光素酶的功能互补。对包括大麻在内的植物基质进行了优化,并添加了 5 µg/mg 的 SCRA CP55,940:结果:该生物测定法成功检测出一组(n = 24)经分析确认为真品的香料产品中的所有样品,此外还提供了制剂 "强度 "的相关信息,以及不同样品是否可能来自不同批次或同一生产批次。最后,该方法还被用于评估在国际舞蹈节上收集的大量草药材料(n = 252)中是否存在 SCRA 掺假情况。结果没有发现任何阳性结果,即没有样本产生相关的 CB1 激活:总之,我们将草药材料的 SCRA 筛选确立为基于活性的 CB1 生物测定的新应用。样品制备简单、结果快速,而且生物测定具有通用性,因此是评估草药材料是否含有 SCRA 的有效且面向未来的工具。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 求助全文
来源期刊
Harm Reduction Journal
Harm Reduction Journal Medicine-Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
CiteScore
5.90
自引率
9.10%
发文量
126
审稿时长
26 weeks
期刊介绍: Harm Reduction Journal is an Open Access, peer-reviewed, online journal whose focus is on the prevalent patterns of psychoactive drug use, the public policies meant to control them, and the search for effective methods of reducing the adverse medical, public health, and social consequences associated with both drugs and drug policies. We define "harm reduction" as "policies and programs which aim to reduce the health, social, and economic costs of legal and illegal psychoactive drug use without necessarily reducing drug consumption". We are especially interested in studies of the evolving patterns of drug use around the world, their implications for the spread of HIV/AIDS and other blood-borne pathogens.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信