Concentration and risk assessment of metals in snow cover monitoring in urban and rural areas.

IF 1.3 4区 医学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Justyna Kujawska, Edyta Wojtaś, Jacek Zaburko, Iwona Kamińska, Joanna Czerpak, Konrad Jamka, Roman Babko, Grzegorz Łagód
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Abstract

Introduction and objective: Snow cover serves as a unique indicator of environmental pollution in both urban and rural areas. As a seasonal cover, it accumulates various pollutants emitted into the atmosphere, thus providing insight into air pollution types and the relative contributions of different pollution sources. The aim of the study is to analyze the distribution of trace elements in snow cover to assess the anthropogenic influence on pollution levels, and better understand ecological threats.

Material and methods: The study was conducted in rural areas around the village of Wólka in the Lublin Province of eastern Poland, and in urban districts of the city of Lublin, capital of the Province. Samples were analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry, the Enrichment Factor (EF), and ecological risk indices (RI), were calculated to evaluate the contamination and potential ecological risks posed by the metals.

Results: The findings indicate higher concentrations of metals like sodium and iron in urban areas, likely due to road salt use and industrial activity, respectively. Enrichment factors showed significant anthropogenic contributions, particularly for metals like sodium, zinc, and cadmium, which had EF values substantially above natural levels. The potential ecological risk assessment highlighted a considerable ecological threat in urban areas compared to rural settings, primarily due to higher concentrations of metals.

Conclusions: The variation in metal concentrations between urban and rural snow covers reflects the impact of human activities on local environments. Urban areas showed higher pollution levels, suggesting the need for targeted pollution control policies to mitigate the adverse ecological impacts. This study underscores the importance of continuous monitoring and comprehensive risk assessments to effectively manage environmental pollution.

城市和农村地区雪盖监测中的金属浓度和风险评估。
导言和目标:积雪是衡量城市和农村地区环境污染的独特指标。作为一种季节性覆盖物,积雪会积聚排放到大气中的各种污染物,从而让人们了解空气污染类型以及不同污染源的相对贡献。本研究旨在分析雪层中微量元素的分布,以评估人为因素对污染水平的影响,并更好地了解生态威胁:研究在波兰东部卢布林省沃尔卡村周围的农村地区和该省首府卢布林市的城区进行。采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法对样本进行分析,计算富集因子(EF)和生态风险指数(RI),以评估金属造成的污染和潜在生态风险:结果:研究结果表明,城市地区钠和铁等金属的浓度较高,这可能分别是由于道路用盐和工业活动造成的。富集因子显示,人为因素的影响很大,特别是钠、锌和镉等金属,其富集因子值大大高于自然水平。潜在生态风险评估结果表明,与农村地区相比,城市地区的生态环境面临着相当大的威胁,这主要是由于金属的浓度较高:结论:城市和农村雪原之间的金属浓度差异反映了人类活动对当地环境的影响。城市地区的污染水平更高,这表明有必要采取有针对性的污染控制政策,以减轻对生态的不利影响。这项研究强调了持续监测和全面风险评估对有效管理环境污染的重要性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine 医学-公共卫生、环境卫生与职业卫生
CiteScore
3.00
自引率
5.90%
发文量
58
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: All papers within the scope indicated by the following sections of the journal may be submitted: Biological agents posing occupational risk in agriculture, forestry, food industry and wood industry and diseases caused by these agents (zoonoses, allergic and immunotoxic diseases). Health effects of chemical pollutants in agricultural areas , including occupational and non-occupational effects of agricultural chemicals (pesticides, fertilizers) and effects of industrial disposal (heavy metals, sulphur, etc.) contaminating the atmosphere, soil and water. Exposure to physical hazards associated with the use of machinery in agriculture and forestry: noise, vibration, dust. Prevention of occupational diseases in agriculture, forestry, food industry and wood industry. Work-related accidents and injuries in agriculture, forestry, food industry and wood industry: incidence, causes, social aspects and prevention. State of the health of rural communities depending on various factors: social factors, accessibility of medical care, etc.
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