Low legume-grass seeding ratio combined with phosphorus fertilization promotes forage yield and soil quality in managed grasslands

IF 6.4 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY
Yixian Bi, Gaowen Yang, Yuqi Wei, Gail W. T. Wilson, Bin Wei, Yujuan He, Hongqian Yu, Nan Liu, Yingjun Zhang
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Legume-grass mixtures are often used to increase forage yield and soil fertility in managed grasslands, but it remains unclear whether these benefits could be further improved by utilizing optimal legume-grass seeding ratios and phosphorus (P) fertilization. Here, we conducted a 5-year field experiment across 3 sites to investigate the effects of legume-grass seeding ratio and P fertilization on forage yield and soil quality. This experiment included mixtures comprised of two legume species and two grass species at five legume-grass ratios (3:7, 4:6, 5:5, 6:4, and 7:3), and monoculture of each species. P fertilizer was applied at the rate of 0, 9, 18, or 27 kg P ha-1 year-1. Plant diversity effects, e.g., complementarity and selection effects, were assessed by comparing yield of mixtures with monocultures. Our results show that a legume-grass mixture with a seeding ratio of 3:7 under moderate P fertilization resulted in the highest forage yield among all monocultures and mixtures, for each of the three sites, with persistent and consistent transgressive overyielding. Notably, greater soil organic matter, total nitrogen, enzymatic activity, and microbial biomass were observed with the legume-grass ratio of 3:7, compared to monocultures or other seeding ratios. Structural equation modeling indicated that the legume-grass ratio of 3:7 achieved highest yield through directly improving complementarity effect, and indirectly promoting selection effects because of increased fungal biomass. P fertilization directly enhanced soil nutrient and enzymatic activities, and further improved complementarity effect, resulting in high forage yield and soil quality. These results indicate that forage diversification practices with low legume-grass seeding ratios and moderate P fertilization can simultaneously benefit forage production and soil quality in managed grasslands. Overall, our study suggests that low legume seeding proportion in legume-grass mixtures combined with moderate nutrient management is a useful strategy for sustainable and highly productive managed grasslands.

Abstract Image

低豆科植物-禾本科植物播种比率与磷肥相结合,可提高管理草地的牧草产量和土壤质量
在草地管理中,豆科植物与禾本科植物的混播经常被用来提高牧草产量和土壤肥力,但利用最佳豆科植物与禾本科植物的播种比率和磷(P)肥是否能进一步提高这些效益,目前仍不清楚。在此,我们在 3 个地点进行了为期 5 年的田间试验,研究豆科植物-禾本科植物播种比率和磷肥对牧草产量和土壤质量的影响。该实验包括由两种豆科植物和两种禾本科植物以五种豆科植物-禾本科植物比例(3:7、4:6、5:5、6:4 和 7:3)组成的混合物,以及每种植物的单一种植。钾肥的施用量为 0、9、18 或 27 千克钾/公顷/年。通过比较混作和单作的产量,评估了植物多样性效应,如互补效应和选择效应。我们的结果表明,在中度钾肥条件下,播种比为 3:7 的豆科植物-禾本科植物混合物在三个地点的所有单一种植和混合物中都获得了最高的牧草产量,并且具有持续稳定的超产性。值得注意的是,与单一种植或其他播种比例相比,豆科植物与禾本科植物的比例为 3:7 时,土壤有机质、全氮、酶活性和微生物生物量更高。结构方程模型表明,3:7 的豆草比能直接提高互补效应,并通过增加真菌生物量间接促进选择效应,从而获得最高产量。施用磷肥直接提高了土壤养分和酶的活性,进一步改善了互补效应,从而提高了牧草产量和土壤质量。这些结果表明,在草地管理中,采用低豆科-禾本科播种比和适度钾肥的牧草多样化实践可同时有利于牧草产量和土壤质量。总之,我们的研究表明,在豆科植物-禾本科植物混种中采用低豆科植物播种比例并结合适度的养分管理,是实现可持续和高产管理草地的有效策略。
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来源期刊
Agronomy for Sustainable Development
Agronomy for Sustainable Development 农林科学-农艺学
CiteScore
10.70
自引率
8.20%
发文量
108
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Agronomy for Sustainable Development (ASD) is a peer-reviewed scientific journal of international scope, dedicated to publishing original research articles, review articles, and meta-analyses aimed at improving sustainability in agricultural and food systems. The journal serves as a bridge between agronomy, cropping, and farming system research and various other disciplines including ecology, genetics, economics, and social sciences. ASD encourages studies in agroecology, participatory research, and interdisciplinary approaches, with a focus on systems thinking applied at different scales from field to global levels. Research articles published in ASD should present significant scientific advancements compared to existing knowledge, within an international context. Review articles should critically evaluate emerging topics, and opinion papers may also be submitted as reviews. Meta-analysis articles should provide clear contributions to resolving widely debated scientific questions.
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