Association between blood cadmium and depression varies by age and smoking status in US adult women: a cross-sectional study from NHANES 2005-2016.

IF 4 3区医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI:10.1265/ehpm.24-00050

Yewei Ji, Jinmin Wang

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Cadmium, a toxic metal, is widely encountered in diverse environmental contexts. Despite its pervasive exposure, there is limited research on the association between blood cadmium levels and depression, especially among females. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between blood cadmium levels and depression in adult women.

Methods: Data spanning 2005-2016 from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were selected. Depression was diagnosed with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9, score ≥10). Multiple logistic regression, multiple linear regression, and smoothed curve fitting were used to investigate the relationship between blood cadmium and depression. Subgroup analyses and interaction tests were performed to evaluate the stability of this association across populations.

Results: A total of 1,173 individuals were diagnosed with depression. The heightened prevalence of depression was linked to increased blood cadmium levels, a trend that persisted even after quartering blood cadmium. In the fully adjusted model, each incremental unit of blood cadmium was associated with a 33% rise in the prevalence of depression (OR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.21-1.45). Participants in the highest quartile were 63% more likely to experience depression compared to those in the lowest quartile of blood cadmium (OR = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.15-2.30), and PHQ-9 score increased by 0.73 (β = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.30-1.17). This positive association may be relevant to the general population.

Conclusions: Blood cadmium levels are associated with depression in adult women, and this association varies by age and smoking status.

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美国成年女性血镉与抑郁症之间的关系因年龄和吸烟状况而异：一项来自 2005-2016 年 NHANES 的横断面研究。

背景：镉是一种有毒金属，广泛存在于各种环境中。尽管镉的暴露无处不在，但有关血镉水平与抑郁症之间关系的研究却很有限，尤其是在女性中。本研究旨在调查成年女性血液中镉含量与抑郁症之间的关系：方法：选取美国国家健康与营养调查（NHANES）2005-2016 年的数据。抑郁症通过患者健康问卷（PHQ-9，得分≥10）进行诊断。采用多元逻辑回归、多元线性回归和平滑曲线拟合来研究血镉与抑郁症之间的关系。为了评估这种关系在不同人群中的稳定性，还进行了分组分析和交互检验：结果：共有 1,173 人被诊断患有抑郁症。抑郁症发病率的升高与血镉水平的升高有关，即使在对血镉进行四分位后，这一趋势依然存在。在完全调整模型中，血镉每增加一个单位，抑郁症患病率就会增加 33%（OR = 1.33，95% CI：1.21-1.45）。与血镉含量最低的四分位数的参与者相比，血镉含量最高的四分位数的参与者患抑郁症的可能性增加了 63%（OR = 1.63，95% CI：1.15-2.30），PHQ-9 评分增加了 0.73（β = 0.73，95% CI：0.30-1.17）。这种正相关关系可能与普通人群有关：结论：成年女性的血镉水平与抑郁症有关，这种关联因年龄和吸烟状况而异。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH -

CiteScore

7.90

自引率

2.10%

发文量

审稿时长

10 weeks

期刊介绍： The official journal of the Japanese Society for Hygiene, Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine (EHPM) brings a comprehensive approach to prevention and environmental health related to medical, biological, molecular biological, genetic, physical, psychosocial, chemical, and other environmental factors. Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine features definitive studies on human health sciences and provides comprehensive and unique information to a worldwide readership.