RCHY1 and OPTN: an E3-ligase and an autophagy receptor required for melanophagy, respectively.

Autophagy Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-27 DOI:10.1080/15548627.2024.2370058
Ki Won Lee, Yong-Yeon Cho, Kwang Dong Kim
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Abstract

Dysregulation of melanin homeostasis is implicated in causing skin pigmentation disorders, such as melasma due to hyperpigmentation and vitiligo due to hypopigmentation. Although the synthesis of melanin has been well studied, the removal of the formed skin pigment requires more research. We determined that β-mangostin, a plant-derived metabolite, induces the degradation of already-formed melanin in the mouse B16F10 cell line. The whitening effect of β-mangostin is mediated by macroautophagy/autophagy, as it was abolished by the knockdown of ATG5 or RB1CC1/FIP200, and by treatment with 3-methyladenine, a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex inhibitor. However, the exact autophagy mechanism of melanosome degradation remains unknown. Selective autophagy for a specific cellular organelle requires specific E3-ligases and autophagic receptors for the target organelle. In this study, an E3-ligase, RCHY1, and an autophagy receptor, OPTN (optineurin), were identified as being essential for melanophagy in the β-mangostin-treated B16F10 cell line. As per our knowledge, this is the first report of a specific mechanism for the degradation of melanosomes, the target organelle of melanophagy. These findings are expected to broaden the scope of melanin homeostasis research and can be exploited for the development of therapeutics for skin pigmentation disorders.

RCHY1 和 OPTN:分别是黑色素吞噬所需的 E3 连接酶和自噬受体。
黑色素平衡失调是导致皮肤色素沉着疾病的原因之一,如色素沉着引起的黄褐斑和色素减退引起的白癜风。尽管对黑色素的合成进行了深入研究,但对已形成的皮肤色素的清除还需要更多的研究。我们发现,β-曼戈斯汀(一种植物代谢产物)能诱导小鼠 B16F10 细胞系中已形成的黑色素降解。敲除 ATG5 或 RB1CC1/FIP200,以及使用磷脂酰肌醇 3- 激酶复合物抑制剂 3-甲基腺嘌呤处理后,β-曼戈斯汀的美白作用就会消失。然而,黑色素体降解的确切自噬机制仍然未知。针对特定细胞器的选择性自噬需要针对目标细胞器的特定 E3 连接酶和自噬受体。在这项研究中,我们发现了一种E3连接酶RCHY1和一种自噬受体OPTN(optineurin),它们对β-芒果斯坦处理过的B16F10细胞系的黑色素吞噬至关重要。据我们所知,这是首次报道黑色素吞噬的目标细胞器--黑色素小体降解的特定机制。这些发现有望拓宽黑色素稳态研究的范围,并可用于开发治疗皮肤色素沉着疾病的药物。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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