Winter cover crop performance in the Southern Piedmont region of South Carolina

IF 1.3 Q3 AGRONOMY
Payton B. Davis, Dara M. Park, Aurelie M. Poncet, Brook T. Russell, Debabrata Sahoo
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Abstract

Cover crops (CCs) offer in-field and environmental benefits when integrated into cropping systems. Low CC adoption in the Southern Piedmont region of South Carolina is partially due to the lack of information on CC performance and benefits within the region. To address this, eight winter CCs and a fallow/pigweed (Amaranthus spp.) treatment were investigated for their influence on soil temperature, volumetric water content (VWC), percent cover, biomass, and the occurrence of soil water repellency (SWR). A randomized complete block design experiment was conducted in the fall and winter of 2021–2022 (EXP A) and repeated in 2022–2023 (EXP B). Experiments were treated separately as methods were revised for EXP B. CCs minimally influenced soil VWC over both experiments with no consistent trend. CC did not influence soil temperatures during EXP A. In EXP B, the fallow/pigweed had the highest soil temperatures on two (out of 10) measuring events (p < 0.05). No SWR was found in either experiment. Establishment and fresh and dry CC biomass were most likely influenced by air temperatures and daylight hours driving germination during days with minimal rainfall. In both experiments, annual rye (Lolium multiflorum) produced cover quickly and yielded high biomass. Crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum) took longer to establish but also yielded one of the highest biomasses. This study demonstrated that winter CCs had little influence on soil physical properties and that while cereal rye (Secale cereale) is a common CC utilized for erosion control, the greater biomass and surface roots of annual rye make it a superior CC for use in Southern Piedmont agroecosystems.

Abstract Image

南卡罗来纳州南皮德蒙特地区冬季覆盖作物的表现
将覆盖作物(CC)纳入耕作系统可带来田间和环境效益。南卡罗来纳州南皮德蒙特地区对 CC 的采用率较低,部分原因是该地区缺乏有关 CC 性能和效益的信息。为了解决这个问题,研究人员调查了八种冬季 CC 和一种休耕/猪草(苋属)处理对土壤温度、体积含水量(VWC)、覆盖率、生物量和土壤憎水性(SWR)的影响。在 2021-2022 年秋冬季(EXP A)进行了随机完全区组设计试验,并在 2022-2023 年(EXP B)进行了重复试验。两次实验中,CC 对土壤水分转化率的影响都很小,没有一致的趋势。在 EXP B 中,休耕/猪草在两次(共 10 次)测量中的土壤温度最高(p < 0.05)。两项实验均未发现 SWR。在降雨量极少的日子里,气温和日照时间很可能会影响CC的发芽率以及新鲜和干燥CC的生物量。在这两项实验中,一年生黑麦(Lolium multiflorum)都能迅速形成覆盖,并产生较高的生物量。绯红三叶草(Trifolium incarnatum)需要更长的时间才能形成覆盖,但也是生物量最高的植物之一。这项研究表明,冬季CC对土壤物理特性的影响很小,虽然黑麦(Secale cereale)是一种常见的用于控制侵蚀的CC,但一年生黑麦的生物量和表层根系更多,使其成为南皮埃蒙特农业生态系统中的优质CC。
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来源期刊
Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment
Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous)
CiteScore
2.60
自引率
0.00%
发文量
80
审稿时长
24 weeks
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