Moral reckoning among nurses: A directed qualitative content analysis.

Abstract

Background: When nurses face ethical challenges, they attempt to accept responsibility for their actions and start moral reckoning. Moral reckoning is the personal evaluation of one's behaviors or others' behaviors during ethically challenging situations.

Research aim: This study aimed at exploring the concept of moral reckoning and its stages among Iranian nurses using Nathaniel's moral reckoning Theory.

Research design: This descriptive qualitative study was conducted in 2022 using directed content analysis.

Participants and research context: Eighteen nurses were purposively recruited from three teaching hospitals affiliated to Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran. Data were collected via in-depth semi-structured interviews which lasted 50 minutes on average and were concurrently analyzed via the three-step directed content analysis method proposed by Elo and Kyngas.

Ethical considerations: This study earned the ethical approval of the Ethics Committee of Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran (code: IR.GOUMS.REC.1400.171).

Findings: During data analysis, 157 final codes were developed and categorized into 23 subcategories, 10 categories, and four themes. The themes of the study are ease (with the two categories of becoming and interacting), upset (with the two categories of mental upset and behavioral upset), resolution (with the two categories of making a stand and giving up), and reflection (with the four categories of remembering, telling the story, examining conflicts, and living with consequences).

Conclusion: Ethically challenging situations alter the ease stage of moral reckoning among nurses, cause them mental and behavioral upset, and thereby, require them to make stand or give up. Then, they continuously examine events in their mind and finally, live with the positive and negative consequences of the events.