Diagnosis and treatment of gingivitis

Abstract

Introduction. According to epidemiological data, gingivitis is one of the most common periodontal pathologies and occupies one of the primary places in the work of dentists. The prevalence of gingivitis varies between 50% and 99%, regardless of age - both in children and adults. The main cause in the development of gingivitis are microorganisms that manifest themselves through pathogenic properties against a background of poor oral hygiene and reduced local and general resistance. Objective of the study. To establish the diagnosis and methods of treatment of different forms of gingivitis, to evaluate patients dynamically, to identify the characteristics of the clinical course regarding different forms of gingivitis, to study data on the prevalence of periodontal diseases, to identify the main causes of periodontal diseases in children and adults. Materials and methods. Seventeen patients (8 females and 9 males) aged 8-19 were included in the given study. The examination of the periodontal status showed: 2 patients with healthy periodontium, 6 patients with localized chronic catarrhal gingivitis and 9 patients with generalized chronic catarrhal gingivitis. The periodontal status was assessed by gingival inflammation indices according to Loe and Silness, oral hygiene index “OHI-S”, papillary bleeding index (Muhlemann), Schiller-Pisarev test. In all forms of gingivitis, the choice of methods and means of treatment is determined by the particular clinical course of the disease of patients and the severity of the gingival lesions. Results. Clinical examinations detected the presence of gingivitis in 15 patients (6 patients with localized chronic catarrhal gingivitis and 9 patients with chronic generalized catarrhal gingivitis). The prevalence and intensity as well as the poor oral hygiene index are significantly higher in rural areas compared to the urban population. Periodic bleeding of the gums was found in 40% of those examined. The main periodontal tissue pathology detected was chronic generalized catarrhal gingivitis. Conclusion. The study found that the prevalence of periodontal disease is very high in both children and adults. The most common causes of gingivitis are unsatisfactory oral hygiene, negligent attitude of parents towards the hygienic education of the child, presence of dento-maxillary anomalies, immune incompetence caused by local and general factors.