Various diseases in the maxillo-facial region. methods of their diagnosis and treatment

Abstract

Introduction: Various diseases are found in the maxillofacial region: inflammatory processes, trauma, tumors, and aesthetic disorders. Each of these diseases requires a careful and individualized approach for diagnosis and their treatment. Materials and Methods: Clinical cases with various diseases in maxillofacial region were studied on the basis of the department of oral and maxillo-facial surgery and oral implantology „Arsenie Guțan’’ Results: In the maxillofacial region there are diseases with different etiologies. One of them, which are most often diagnosed is inflammatory processes, namely toxic osteomyelitis on the background of narcotic drugs use. Diagnosis of this disease is revealed against the background of a thorough collection of anamnesis, paraclinical methods of examination: laboratory tests, orthopantomography, CT. Treatment was medication and surgery (necrectomy, plasty of the post on the upper jaw, osteosynthesis on the lower jaw). In the maxillofacial region the following types of traumas are most often encountered: fractures of facial bones, soft tissue traumas of various etiologies, of which a special approach is required for long-standing traumas, which for various reasons could not be eliminated by surgical methods (severe neurological condition of patients after various traumas). Complex clinical cases include burns in the face and neck region with skin and muscle lesions. Scar tissue after burns requires careful medical preparation before surgical treatment: gradual introduction of hormonal drugs and enzymes into the scar tissue to soften them, prescription of various physical procedures. In burns in the facial area is particularly difficult to perform surgical treatment, each incision must be carefully considered to improve the patient’s appearance (elimination of microstoma, lengthening of scars by moving the triangular flaps, mechanical dermatosis, plasty with nearby flaps, and in some cases from distant areas). It is difficult to work with scars in the neck area especially in patients of young age, as the neck is very mobile and the skin at this age is elastic, which greatly affects the process of aesthetic scar formation. In some cases, surgical treatment leads to worse results: the formation of hypertrophic scars, divergence of the wound edges. In such cases, it is best to carry out medical treatment and physical procedures. In the maxillofacial region, a special approach requires treatment of tumors, given that in this area are a large number of nerves and vessels that can be damaged. In case of injury to the facial nerve during interventions in the parotid gland, immediate treatment by a neurologist is recommended; vitamin therapy and acupuncture are most effective in these cases. Conclusions: All diseases in the maxillofacial region require a careful approach to diagnostic methods and treatment techniques, as well as an excellent knowledge of the location of vessels and nerves in the area.