Towards a dynamic, idiographic approach to describing, explaining, and enhancing the development of SEL

Richard M. Lerner , Dian Yu , Roya Abbasi-Asl , Natasha Keces , Carolina Gonçalves , Mary H. Buckingham , Elizabeth M. Dowling , Jonathan M. Tirrell , Margaret Mackin , Kirsten Olander , Alexa Hasse , Yoon Dunham
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Abstract

Human development involves intraindividual changes across the life span. Developmental changes may involve instances of change common to all individuals (nomothetic change), change common to only some groups of individuals (differential change), and change specific to an individual (idiographic change). All three types of change must be measured to obtain a holistic and integrated understanding of any facet of human development. To date, most studies of the development of social and emotional learning (SEL) skills have focused on assessing nomothetic and differential change. The analysis of data derived from this research is variable-focused, and longitudinal studies with such a focus typically do not have enough time points to model intraindividual trajectories with sufficient power. Such trajectories require analysis wherein each individual is compared to themselves across time (ipsative analyses). Change-sensitive measures used within intensive longitudinal designs and analyses are suitable for ipsative analyses of participants and enable direct comparisons of whether intraindividual trajectories are reflected in group data. We discuss research findings reflecting that meaningful idiographic changes are not reflected in group data. We also argue that future studies of SEL should integrate idiographic data with differential and nomothetic data in the service of understanding the holistic development of SEL.

采用动态的、成语式的方法来描述、解释和促进 SEL 的发展
人类的发展涉及整个生命周期中个体内部的变化。发展变化可能涉及所有个体共有的变化实例(提名变化)、仅部分群体共有的变化实例(差异变化)以及个体特有的变化实例(特异变化)。要全面综合地了解人类发展的方方面面,就必须对这三类变化都进行测量。迄今为止,有关社会和情感学习(SEL)技能发展的大多数研究都侧重于评估提名变化和差异变化。这种研究的数据分析以变量为重点,而以变量为重点的纵向研究通常没有足够的时间点来建立具有足够说服力的个体内部轨迹模型。这种轨迹需要进行分析,将每个人与自己进行跨时间的比较(后向分析)。在强化纵向设计和分析中使用的对变化敏感的测量方法适用于对参与者进行短时分析,并能直接比较个体内部轨迹是否反映在群体数据中。我们讨论的研究结果表明,有意义的特质变化并没有反映在群体数据中。我们还认为,未来的 SEL 研究应将特异性数据与差异性和名义性数据相结合,以便了解 SEL 的整体发展。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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